新编语用学教程课后答案

Introduction[checkyourunderstanding]1.fSyntaxandsemanticseachhavetheirownstrengths.2.fPragmaticsisalsointerestedinhowlanguageuseaffectsthelanguagesystem.3.t4.f5.tIn-ClassActivities1.ASK(1)Yes,he’scoming.(2)Yes.[No,heisn’tcoming](3)HisknowledgeaboutwhetherPatlikescognitivelinguisticsornot.2.(1)a.JohnisobviouslynotHitler.ThereisonlyoneHitlerintheworld.b.Golfasaninanimateobjectcan’tplayahumanbeing(John).c.Itisacaseoftautologythatconveysnonewinformation.d.“Idea”doesn’thavecolorandcan’tsleepsinceitisinanimate.Thewholesentencedoesn’tmakesense.(2)a.itcanbeusedforcommunicationinacontextwhereJohnsharessomepersonalitywithHitler.b.whenJohnisapoorplayerofgolf.c.inacontextwhereacertainboyhasdonesomethingwrong(outofnaughtiness).(3)whenthesentenceisusedinpoetrytopersonalizethewordidea.3.(1)a.Inanentranceofapark.b.Intherestroomofsomepublicplaceslikeanairport.a.Peopleareforbiddentobringdogsintothepark.b.Thisplaceisforadultstochangeinfantdiapers.4.(1)Herethespeakerwantstoexpresshiscomplaintthatthecouplearetalkingtooloudly(andtheimplicitrequestforthemtostoptalking).(2)Bysayingso,theyoungmanwantstoconveytheirrefusalto“my”request.Thebackgroundknowledgeweneedisthatsinceitisusuallyimpolitetolistentootherpeople’privateconversation,itisnormalthat“I”can’thearaword(thusthecouplecancontinuetheirtalk).5.(1)Thisnoticeimpliesthatallthosewhojumptheredlightareuncivilized,whateverthereason.(2)讲卫生的人不会随便吐痰。6.(1)Thisisanadvertisementforaholidayinnanditsfoodissodeliciousthatitcanmakethecustomer’swifejealous.The“Frenchtoast”probablymeansatypeofspecialtyprovidedbythisholidayinn.(2)C:你去哪里？吃饭了没？E:Howareyou?How’severythinggoing?7.(1)Hemeanshedoesn’tspeakFrench.(2)Russianmajorsdon’tspeakFrench.(3)Yes.Ithelpstoindicateanegativeanswer.8.(1)a.Heuses“that”undertheassumptionthathismomknowswhichletterisbeingreferredto.b.Heusesanimperativesentencetoaskhermothertoclosethewindow,whichisimpolite.(2)Johnny:Mom,PingPingiscomingtovisitusthisafternnoon.Mother:WhoisPingPing?(3)Wang:It’snotmyfault,isit?Li:Yes.-----------------Nativespeaker:Hi,youlookgood.Zhang:Notgood,notgoodatall.ExercisesTask3.1.whenwegetsomeonetodosomething,wetendtominimizetheefforttobeinvolved,butwhenwecomplainwetendtoexaggeratethecomplaint.Peoplewanttobepolitebymitigating(缓解,减轻,平静)theimposition,whichisface-threatening.2.Thefirstimperativeisageneralgrammaticalform,butthesecond,thoughstillanimperative,canbeusedtosoundmorepolitebecauseoftheadditionofwillyou3.(intheoffice)Boss:Cometomyofficelater.Clerk:Yes,sir.--------(duringtheafternoontea)Boss:Howisyourdad,Tom?Clerk:He’sfine.Thanks,Pat.4.Hewantstosuggestthathedidnotbreakthewindowbecausehewasengagedwith(?)insomethingelseinotherplaces.5.InthenovelTheCatcherintheRye,Holden,amiddleschoolstudentalwaysbreaksthepragmaticconventionsandinthatwayshowshisrebellion.6.WhileweteachEnglishtoChinesestudents,wenotonlyimpartlinguisticinformation(phonetics,phonology,morphology,andsyntaxofEnglish)butalsopragmaticinformation(appropriateuseofEnglishindynamiccontext).Forinstance,howwecanusethequestiontag(反了？tagquestions)tosoundmoretentativeandbepolite.Unit1[Checkyourunderstanding]1.fThatistheviewheldbyJohnAustinintheearlystage.2.fImplicitperformativeutterancesdonothaveaperformativeverb.3.f4.fThecompletionoftheperlocutionaryactrequirestheaddressee’scooperation.5.tIn-ClassActivities1.(1)Ifyou’veeversaid“Ipromise”or“Iapologize”,youhaveperformedthoseactionsbythesimpleactofsayingthem.But“Iknow”and“Ibelieve”aredeclarative.Sayingthemdoesnotbringaboutanyimmediatechangeinthebelieforknowledgeofthespeaker.(2)a.Iwishyouagreatsuccess.IadmitI’mwrong.b.Imisunderstandyourpoint.Iseewhatyoumean.(3)Yes.Forexample,whenwesay“我在这里向你道歉”，weareperformingtheactofapologizing.(?)2.(1)“Afullapology”heremeansawhollyperformativeutteranceofapologylike“WeapologizetotheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople”.Indeed,“sorry”isnotaperformativeverb.(2)Tosomeextent,“sorry”canimplicitlyperformtheactofapology.3.(1)Thekidnapperintendstoperformtheactsofthreateningandrequiring.(2)Hewantstomakehiswordssoundlikeanadviceinsteadofathreatening.4.(1)a.locutionaryact:theactofverballysaying“Todayisnotafreeadmissionday”.illocutionaryact:itimplicitlyrequirespeopletopaytheadmissionfee.perlocutionaryact:peoplepaytheadmissionfee(ifatall).b.locutionaryact:theactofverballysaying“Thankyouforyourgenerousdonationandyoursupport”.illocutionaryact:itimplicitlyurgespeopletodonate.perlocutionaryact:peopledonatemoney(ifatall).a'Admissionfeerequiredtodayb’WeexpectyourgenerousdonationandyoursupportThefirstischosentobelessimposing.Thesecondischosentoattractpeople’sdonation.5.(1)No,itisnotaverdictive.Itisjustanadvertisementfroms(a)hotelwhosenamehappenstobe“Jurys”.(2)Theproprietorplaysagameofwordstoattractcustomers.ExercisesTask31.a.constative?locution:“Nosmokinginthisarea”.Illocution:Forbiddingpeoplefromsmokinghere.Perlocution:Peopledonotsmokehere.b.constative.Locution:“Ticketpassengersonly”.Illocution:Askingpassengerstobuyticketsiftheywantto(enterthemuseum).Perlocution:Passengersbuyticketstoenterthemuseum.c.constative.Locution:“Tokenvending