计算机导论试卷及答案

1一、MultipleChoice单选题（每个空2分，共40分）1.TuringMachineis(C).A.theveryfirstelectroniccomputerB.thefirstgeneral-purposecomputerC.anabstractmathematicalmodelD.thefirstcommercialcomputer2.Thetransistorwasusedtomakethemainprocessingcomponentinthehardwareinthe(B)generationofcomputer.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth3.Incomputingdisciplinewealwaysanalyseproblemsbyremovingcomplexityanddetails,leavingonlythenecessaryinformation.Thismentalthinkingwayis(D).A.engineeringB.top-downdesignC.simplicityD.abstraction4.813isnotanumberin(C)numbersystem.A.hexadecimalB.decimalC.octalD.12-base5.Theinformationinrealworldisoften(A)whilecomputercanonlyrepresent(D)information.Thisisalimitationofcomputing.A.analogB.decimalC.binaryD.digital6.Thefollowingareaudioformatsexcept(C).A.mp3B.wavC.gifD.au7.Englishisrepresentedin(D)characterset.A.ASCIIB.UnicodeC.neitherASCIInorUnicodeD.eitherASCIIorUnicode8.Imagescanberepresentedin(C).A.raster-graphicsformatB.vector-graphicsformatC.eitherAorBD.neitherAnorB9.Themostfundamentaloperationsperformedbycomputerhardwareis(D).A.logicalfunctionssuchasNOT,ANDandORB.arithmeticoperationssuchasaddition,subtractionandmultiplicationC.instructionssuchasload,storeandprocessD.onoroffofanelectricalflow10.Ina(A)circuit,theinputvaluesexplicitlydeterminetheoutput.A.combinationalB.sequentialC.S-RlatchD.register11.SmallstorageareainCPUiscalled(A).2A.registerB.memoryC.diskD.ROM12.ThevonNeumannarchitecture’stwoprimarycomponentsareits(B),whichstoresbothinstructionsanddata,anditsprocessor,whichprovidesoperationsformodifyingthecontentsofthememory.A.controlunitB.memoryC.input/outputdevicesD.secondarystoragedevices13.ImperativeprogramminglanguagesareabstractionsoftheunderlyingvonNeumanncomputerarchitecture.Thecentralfeaturesofimperativelanguagesarevariables,whichmodelthememorycells;and(A),whichmodeldatatransmittedfrommemorytotheCPU.A.assignmentstatementsB.BooleanexpressionsC.conditionalstatementsD.loopingstatements14.Object-orientedlanguageshaveanessentialingredient(B)whichenforcesinformationhiding.A.objectB.encapsulationC.inheritanceD.polymorphism15.Theconceptofprocessisdefinedasa(D)inexecution.A.applicationB.softwareC.processD.program16.(B)isthetechniqueofkeepingmultipleprogramsinmainmemoryatthesametime.A.MultimediaB.MultiprogrammingC.MultiuserD.Multiprocessor17.Ina(n)(A),responsetimeiscrucial;aminimumresponsetimeisguaranteedtotheuser.A.real-timesystemB.time-sharingsystemC.batchsystemD.operatingsystem18.Fileextensionindicates(A).A.filemediatypeB.fileoperationC.fileprotectionD.filelocation19.TheWorldWideWebisbothaninfrastructureofinformationandthenetworksoftwareusedtoaccessit.TheWebiscomprisedofwebsitesandwebpagesconnectedby(C).A.gatewaysB.URLsC.linksD.wires二、FillintheBlanks（每空2分，共20×2=40分）1.Thefundamentalquestionunderlyingallofcomputingis:Whatcanbe(efficiently)automated?2.Theplacevalueofdigit'1'in1039in13-basenumbersystemis133.33.Negativedecimalnumber-10isrepresentedas10001010in8-bitsign-magnitudebinary,andrepresentedas11110110in8-bit2'scomplement.4.Binaryrealnumber0.11is0.75indecimal.5.Supposealanguagecontaining200characters.Torepresentthislanguageincomputer,weneedatleast8bitstorepresenteachcharacter.6.TheyellowcolorisrepresentedastheRGBvalue(255,255,0).7.ThekeyprobleminrepresentingvideoinformationincomputerisCODEC/compression.8.Asforthefollowingcircuit,theBooleanexpressionoftheoutputisA·B+(A+B).WhenAis0andBis1,theoutputis1.9.Oneapproachtodevelopinganalgorithmisusingthetop-downdesignmethodologywhichbreaksaproblemupintoasetofsubproblems,thesolutionsofwhichcreateasolutiontotheoverallproblem.Thisapproachresultsinahierarchical/treestructureofmodules.10.InPep/7virtualcomputer,ifwewanttoloadadecimalnumber7intoAregister,theinstructionshouldbewrittenas000010000000000000000111.11.InPep/7virtualcomputer,giventhefollowingstateofmemory(inhexadecimal),0001A20002110003FF000400Aftertheexecutionoftheinstruction“000010010000000000000011”,thecontentoftheAregisterisFF00(inhexadecimal).412.Supposethatlistofcylinderrequestsis30,40,12,20,66.Assumethatthediskispositionedatcylinder20.IfShortest-Seek-Time-Firstdiskschedulingalgorithmisused,theorderinwhichtheserequestsarehandledis20,12,30,40,66.13.UsingthedirectorytreeshowninFigure11.4,Page372inthetextbook,assumingthecurrentworkingdirectoryisC:\WINDOWS\System,theabsolutepathofjohn.docisC:\MyDocuments\letters,andtherelativepathofjohn.docis..\..\MyDocuments\letters.14.Thenetworkprotocolthatbreaksmessagesintopackets,reassemblesthematthedestination,andtakescareoferrorsisTCP.15.Broadbandisnetworktechnologiesthatgenerallyprovidedatatransferspeedsgreaterthan128Kbps.16.WebpagesarecreatedusingHTML,alanguagethatusestagstoindicatethenatureofapieceofinformationandhowitshouldbedisplayed.EveryHTMLdocumentisinterpretedby(web)browsertobeshownasawebpage.三、ReadingComprehension（每小题2分，共2×5=10分）Broadly,allfilescanbeclassifiedaseitheratextfileorabinaryfile.InatextfilethebytesofdataareorganizedascharactersfromtheASCIIorUnicodecharactersets.Abinaryfilerequiresaspecificinterpretationofthebitsbasedontheinformationinthefile.Thetermste