最全初中英语语法之-被动语态

初中英语被动语态复习一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.四．被动语态的基本用法1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Magazinesandnewspapersinthereading-roommustn'tbetakenaway.阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。HewaswoundedmanytimesduringtheAnti--JapaneseWar.他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。Theproblemhastobedealtwithrightnow.这个问题必须马上处理。3.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。Itissaidthatthetemperaturetomorrowwillbe40℃.据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。Itishopedthattheywillbesuccessful.希望她们会获得成功。特别记住：这一类用法的句型还有：Itisbelievedthat...据信，大家相信Itisknownthat...众所周知Itissupposedthat...大家认为Itissuggestedthat...据建议，有人建议Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住Itistakenforgrantedthat...……被认为理所当然五、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1．一般现在时（am/is/are+done）Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。2．一般过去时(was/were+done)Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。。4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时，机器正在被修理。5．现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。6．过去完成时(hadbeen+done)Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚六、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：①be动词②……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear,feel(感觉，摸起来),sound,smell,tastee.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.③(逐渐)变得/变成：become,grow,get,turn,come,goe.g.Hiswishhascometrue.Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.Thetreeisgrowingtall.④保持：keep,staye.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.2、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take3、不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。○1、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.○2、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。○3、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。○4、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。○5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。○6、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。○7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。○8、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。○9、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。○10、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).这种材料耐久（不耐久）七．含有双宾语的句子的被动语态有一些动词如give,buy等，后面常跟两个宾语--直接宾语和间接宾语；通常直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人；指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。例如：例：①Shegavemeabook.=Shegaveapentobook.→Iwasgivenabookbyher.→Abookwasgiventomebyher.②MyfatherboughtmeaMP3.=MyfatherboughtaMP3forme.→IwasboughtaMP3bymyfather.→AMP3wasboughtformebymyfather.将这些带双宾语的动词背下来：1.动词后加to的：give给show给……看send寄bring带……pass递给……lend……借给leave留给……hand……交给tell告诉return归还write写给……throw扔……promise答应refuse拒绝……2.动词后加for的：pay付钱给……，buy买，sing给……唱歌，make制，做，do做，get得到注意：所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带to的动词，包括感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,lookat,listento及使役动词make,let,have和动词help,在变为被动语态时，还要把to加上。被动语态专项练习Ⅰ单项选择1.Goodbooks____againandagain.A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustreadD.oughttoread2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten4.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened5.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown10.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing15.Thewar______in1941.A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking18.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.arem