有机化学》(第三版)汪小兰主编课后习题答案1-3

第一章绪论1.1离子键化合物共价键化合物熔沸点高低溶解度溶于强极性溶剂溶于弱或非极性溶剂硬度高低1.2NaCl与KBr各1mol与NaBr及KCl各1mol溶于水中所得溶液相同。因为两者溶液中均为Na+,K+,Br－,Cl－离子各1mol。由于CH4与CCl4及CHCl3与CH3Cl在水中是以分子状态存在，所以是两组不同的混合物。1.3C+624H+11CCH4中C中有4个电子与氢成键为SP3杂化轨道,正四面体结构CH4SP3杂化HHHHC1s2s2p2p2pyzx2pyxyz2pzxyz2pxxyz2sH1.4a.CCHHHHCCHHHH或b.HCHHClc.HNHHd.HSHe.HONOOf.OCHHg.OPOOOHHHh.HCCHHHHHOPOOOHHH或i.HCCHj.OSOHHOOOSOOOHH或1.5b.ClCClHHc.HBrd.HCClClCle.H3COHH3COCH3f.1.6电负性OS,H2O与H2S相比，H2O有较强的偶极作用及氢键。第二章饱和脂肪烃2.1a.2,4,4－三甲基－５－正丁基壬烷５－butyl－2,4,4－trimethylnonaneb.正己烷hexanec.3,3－二乙基戊烷3,3－diethylpentaned.3－甲基－５－异丙基辛烷５－isopropyl－3－methyloctanee.２－甲基丙烷（异丁烷）２－methylpropane(iso-butane)f.2,2－二甲基丙烷（新戊烷）2,2－dimethylpropane(neopentane)g.3－甲基戊烷３－methylpentaneh.２－甲基－５－乙基庚烷5－ethyl－2－methylheptane2.2a=b=d=e为2,3,5－三甲基己烷c=f为2,3,4,5－四甲基己烷2.3a.错，应为2,2－二甲基丁烷Cb.c.d.e.f.错，应为2,3,3－三甲基戊烷错，应为2,3,5－三甲基庚烷g.h.2.5cbead2.63种123ClClCl2.7a是共同的2.8BrHHBrHHABHHBrBrHHCBrHHHBrHDBrHHBrHH2.10这个化合物为2.11稳定性cab第三章不饱和脂肪烃3.1用系统命名法命名下列化合物a.2－乙基－１－丁烯２－ethyl－1－buteneb.2－丙基－１－己烯２－propyl－1－hexenec.3,5－二甲基－３－庚烯3,5－dimethyl－3－heptened.2,5－二甲基－２－己烯2,5－dimethyl－2－hexene3.2a.b.错，应为1－丁烯c.d.e.f.错，应为2,3－二甲基－１－戊烯g.h.错，应为2－甲基－3－乙基－２－己烯3.4下列烯烃哪个有顺、反异构？写出顺、反异构体的构型，并命名。答案：c,d,e,f有顺反异构c.C2H5CHCCH2IH(Z)－1－碘－2－戊烯(E)－1－碘－2－戊烯CC2H5CCH2IHHd.CHCCH(CH3)2H(Z)－4－甲基－2－戊烯H3CCHCHCH(CH3)2H3C(E)－4－甲基－2－戊烯e.CH3CCHCH(Z)－1,3－戊二烯HCH2CHCHCH(E)－1,3－戊二烯H3CCH2f.CH3CCHC(2Z,4Z)－2,4－庚二烯HCHHC2H5CH3CCHCHCHC2H5H(2Z,4E)－2,4－庚二烯CHCHCH3CCHC2H5H(2E,4E)－2,4－庚二烯CHCHC(2E,4Z)－2,4－庚二烯H3CCHHC2H53.5完成下列反应式，写出产物或所需试剂．a.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2SO4CH3CH2CHCH3OSO2OHb.(CH3)2C=CHCH3HBr(CH3)2C-CH2CH3Brc.CH3CH2CH=CH2BH3H2O2OH－CH3CH2CH2CH2OHd.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2O/H+CH3CH2CH-CH3OHe.(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3O3ZnH2O,,CH3COCH3+CH3CH2CHOf.CH2=CHCH2OHCl2/H2OClCH2CH-CH2OHOH1).2).1).2).3.61－己烯正己烷Br2/CCl4orKMnO4无反应褪色正己烷1－己烯3.7CH3CH=CHCH3CH2=CHCH2CH3或3.8将下列碳正离子按稳定性由大至小排列：CCH3H3CCHCH3CH3++CCH3H3CCHCH3CH3CCH3H3CCH2CH2CH3+3.9写出下列反应的转化过程：C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3CH+CH3CH3C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3CCH3CH3++H+H_3.10or3.11a.4－甲基－２－己炔４－methyl－2－hexyneb.2,2,7,7－四甲基－3,5－辛二炔2,2,7,7－tetramethyl－3,5－octadiyneCHCd.c.3.13a.HCCHLindlarcatH2CCH2b.HCCHNi/H2CH3CH3c.HCCH+H2OHgSO4H2SO4CH3CHOd.HCCH+HClHgCl2CH2=CHCle.H3CCCHHgBr2HBrCH3C=CH2BrHBrCH3-CBrBrCH3f.H3CCCH+Br2CH3C=CHBrBrg.H3CCCH+H2OHgSO4H2SO4CH3COCH3+H2LindlarcatH3CCCH+H2h.H3CCCH+HBrHgBr2CH3C=CH2Bri.CH3CH=CH2HBr(CH3)2CHBr3.14正庚烷1,4－庚二烯1－庚炔Ag(NH3)2+灰白色无反应1－庚炔正庚烷1,4－庚二烯Br2/CCl4褪色无反应正庚烷1,4－庚二烯a.b.2－甲基戊烷2－己炔1－己炔Ag(NH3)2+灰白色无反应1－己炔2－己炔Br2/CCl4褪色无反应2－己炔2－甲基戊烷2－甲基戊烷3.15a.CH3CH2CH2CCHHCl(过量)CH3CH2CH2CClClCH3b.CH3CH2CCCH3+KMnO4H+CH3CH2COOH+CH3COOHHgSO4H2SO4c.CH3CH2CCCH3+H2OCH3CH2CH2COCH3+CH3CH2COCH2CH3d.CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCHOCHOe.CH3CH2CCH+HCNCH3CH2C=CH2CN3.16CH3CHCH2CCHH3C3.17AH3CCH2CH2CH2CCHBCH3CH=CHCH=CHCH33.18CH2=CHCH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH=CH2Br+CH3CH=CHCH2BrCH2=CHCH=CH22HBrCH3CHCHBrCH3Br+CH3CHCH2BrCH2BrCH2=CHCH2CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH2CH=CH2BrCH2=CHCH2CH=CH22HBrCH3CHBrCH2CHBrCH3