新概念第二册课堂笔记Lesson69

Lesson69Butnotmurder!【语法Grammarinuse】被动语态（1）被动语态的基本形式：Recentlyitwasdamagedbyavisitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。（一般过去时）Passingplanescanbeheardnightandday.过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。（与情态助动词连用）Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。（must与被动语态的完成式连用）Thebicyclewasbeingsenttohishomebytrain.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。（被动语态用于过去进行时）Heneverexpectedthethieftobearrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。（被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中）Thewholevillagesoonlearntthatalargesumofmoneyhadbeenlost.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（用于过去完成时）（2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested.他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriouslyill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。（3）被动语态用于want后面的不定式中时，tobe可以省略：Iwanttheluggagefetchedfromthehotelthisafternoon.我希望有人今天下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。（4）被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性【Newwordsandexpressions】★murdern.谋杀Murderisahorriblecrime.谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。murderv.谋杀/糟蹋，毁了Theyfoundthathehadbeenmurdered.他们判定他是被谋杀的Panjinlian,togetherwithXienqiangmurderedherhusband.Hemurderedthewholework.murderer杀人犯★instructv.命令，指示instructsomeonetodosomething命令某人做某事Ihavebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilhecomesinstructionn.说明书★acquirev.取得，获得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）Aftermanyyearsefforts,Ifinallyacquiredthetrustofmyworkmates.acquireconfidence获得信心MaryacquiredagoodknowledgeofChineseinfiveyears’time.Tomacquiredahabitofsmoking.★confidencen.信心Shehasalotofconfidence.她充满了自信.Shehasgreatconfidenceinhersuccess.shattersb’sconfidence动摇某人的信心withgreatconfidence满怀信心★examinern.主考人★supposev.假设Supposeconj.如果/假设Supposewemissthetrain,whatwilldothen?SupposeyouhadaBenz,howwouldyoufeel?Supposev.假设/猜想Isupposeitwillrain.Supposeyouhadonemilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?Supposeyouwerehim,whatwouldyoudo?常用于“letussupposethat”这个结构：Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.让我们假设发生了森林火灾。★tapv.轻敲Hetappedonthedoor.★reactv.反应Howdidshereacttoyoursuggestion?Shereactedbygettingangry.reactionn.反映What’sherreactiontoyourdecision?★braken.刹车supportPress(puton)brake/ac-ce-le-ra-tor踩刹车/油门Thedrivebrakedhardasthedogranontotheroad.★pedaln.踏板Brakepedal★mourn-fuladj.悲哀的Therewasamournfullookonherface.ajoyful/mournfulsound高兴[悲伤]的声音Miseryandmournful苦楚悲痛【Text】Butnotmurder!Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,'Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.'Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.'Mr.Eames,'hesaid,inamournfulvoice,'youhavejustkilledthatchild!'我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。”我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人大声地敲了起来。尽管声音能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。主考人伤心地看着我。“Eames先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！”【课文讲解】Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。drivinglicence驾驶执照for表目的Let’sgoforawalk.我们出去散步吧。Icamehereformyschoolbag.我来这儿取书包。for+次数I'mmeetinghimforthefirsttimetoday.今天我要与他初次见面.I'llneverforgetseeingmydaughterdanceinpublicforthefirsttime.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。介词短语作时间状语Afterhavingbeeninstructedacquire通常表示通过努力“获得”、“学到（知识、技术、语言等）”，也可用来表示“养成（习惯等）”：MaryacquiredagoodknowledgeofChineseinfiveyears'time.5年之内玛丽学会了汉语。Tomacquiredahabitofsmoking.汤姆养成了抽烟的习惯。SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。Sure前面省略了being句首省略了分词being或feeling，在句中作状语（与分词结构作状语的情况类似）：Interestedinthestory,hefinishedreadingthebookintwohours.由于对故事（情节）感兴趣，他两个小时就把那本书读完了。Ashewasworriedabouthischild,hedidn’tsleeplastnight.Worriedabouthischild,hedidn’tsleeplastnight.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,'Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.'主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。”musthavebeen表示对过去的事情的猜测performancen.表现，表演，工作情况bepleasedwith对……满意Theyarepleasedwithhiswork.他们对他的工作满意。Themanagerisn'tverypleasedwithhissecretary.经理对他的秘书不太满意。more附加的；额外的：Sheneedssomemoretime.她需要更多的时间letussupposethat…让我们假设……Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,the