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天津昌昊实业有限公司成人基础英语培训之句型19th.Mar.2016成人学习英语要点•英语作为一门语言,想要掌握没有捷径,唯有不懈的积累词汇,加强练习。•1.掌握音标•2.积累词汇•3.了解基本语法•4.熟知英语表达的习惯•5.加强平时阅读,培养眼缘及语境句子成分和基本句型现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分?2020/1/14•1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.2020/1/15谓语:•谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.HecanspeakEnglish.2020/1/16表语:•表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.2020/1/17宾语•宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon.Ithinkthatheisgoodguy.2020/1/18宾语补足语•在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.•它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当.•Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.•Leavethedooropen.•WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.•Makeyourselfathome.•Isawhimenterthehall.•Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.•Iheardmynamecalled.2020/1/19状语•状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.2020/1/110定语•定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.•Theblackbikeismine.•What’syourname?Abrokenvase.•Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.•Theymadepaperflowers.•TheboyintheroomisJack.•Ihavesomethingtodo.•Itisaswimmingpool.英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一S+V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词(Vi),动词后不可以直接接宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如:S主语Vi(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talked(forhalfanhour).walked(yesterday)isplayinghavegone2020/1/115主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.S+V(主+谓)2020/1/116巩固练习:1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.4.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5.每天八时开始上课。2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2020/1/117巩固练习:6.这个重五公斤。7.五年前我住在北京。8.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。6.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.7.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.9.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.10.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.基本句型二S+V+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。系动词:系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。2020/1/119一、系动词的分类:常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第一类:表示特征或状态的,有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turnout(结果是、证明是)等。You’llbeallrightsoon.Youdon’tlookverywell.Ifeelrathercold.Heseemstobeill.Itappearsthatheisunhappy.Therosessmellsweet.Themixturetastedhorrible.Howsweetthemusicsounds!Thedayturnedout(tobe)afineone.2020/1/120第二类:表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.Yesterdayhesuddenlyfellill.Mary’sfacewentred.Hisdreamhascometrue.Theboy’sbloodrancold.2020/1/121第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep,remain,continue,stay等。Keepquiet,children!Theweathercontinuedfineforalongtime.Itremainstobeproved.2020/1/1221.系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句,系动词be可用于上述所有情况。Thenewswassurprising.(分词)HisjobisteachingEnglish.(动名词)Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.(不定式)Imustbeoffnow.(副词)Thebridgeisunderconstruction.(介词短语)Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.(词组)Thisiswhyhewaslate.(从句)系动词用法2020/1/123所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语:Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeelcold?Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.2020/1/1243.能用不定式作表语的系动词有:appear,seem,get,prove,remain,turnout等。Sheappears/seemstobeveryyoung.Heappears/seemstohavecaughtcold.Theygottobefriends。Themeetingturnedouttobesuccessful.Thetheoryprovedtoberight.Muchremainstobedone.2020/1/1254.能接从句的有:be,seem,appear,sound,look等。That’swhyhefellill.Myideaisthatweshouldhelphim.Itseems/appearstomethatsomethingiswrong.Itsoundstomeasifsomeoneweretryingtogetintothehouse.Yourvoicesoundsasifyouhadacold.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2020/1/1265.能接介词短语的有:be,feel,look,sound,taste,remain等。be是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语。Heisathome/inthelibrary/onthewayhome/onholiday.Theyareondut
本文标题:成人基础英语培训五大句型.
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