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网络无所不能?“ITISimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfortheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth.”ThusVictorianenthusiasts,acclaimingthearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.“这是不可能的,旧的偏见和敌对行动应不再存在,而这种文书已建立的交流思想之间的所有国家的地球。”因此维多利亚爱好者,欢迎在1858年到来的第一跨大西洋的电报电缆。Peoplesaythatsortofthingaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.人们说,诸如此类的事情,对新技术,即使在今天。Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.生物技术是说是治愈世界饥饿问题。Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyeradicatecancerandotherdiseases.测序人类基因组将理应消除癌症和其他疾病。Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.在疯狂的乐观,但已迎来了互联网。Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withexuberantclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequality.整个行业的cybergurus了观众着迷(并提出了很好的生活)与旺盛的声称,互联网将防止战争,减少污染,并打击各种形式的不平等现象。However,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.然而,尽管互联网仍是年轻的足够激励的理想,也有人在足够长的时间来测试是否可以先知权。GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeofthesavantsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.盛大的所有债权所作的一些学者在麻省理工学院的有关互联网的潜力,作为一支和平的力量。Oneguru,NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.一位大师,尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝,已宣布,由于互联网,孩子们的未来“是不会知道什么是民族主义”。Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.他的同事,迈克尔Dertouzos,已致函该数字通讯将“电脑辅助和平”的“可能有助于避免未来的照明企业的种族仇恨和国家解体。”Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandavertconflict.这种想法是改善通讯将减少误解,避免冲突。Thisisnotnew,alas,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.这不是新的,唉,超过任何人的要求对和平的决策的可能性其他新技术。Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,aeroplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesobsolete,sincetheywouldbevulnerabletoattackfromtheair.在最初几年的二十世纪,飞机预计将结束战争,促进国际交流与(不可靠),使军队已经过时,因为它们将受到攻击,从空中。Afterthefirstworldwarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.第一次世界大战后打消了这种概念,它是反过来的电台。“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation,”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.“国家应讲你们国家的和平,”跑罚款的座右铭英国的英国广播公司世界服务。Sadly,Rwanda’sRadioMilleCollinesdisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypacificforceonceandforall.可悲的是,卢旺达的米勒科林斯电台反驳的想法,无线电是一个内在的太平洋部队一劳永逸的。Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.错误是人们以为战争所造成的只是失败的不同民族相互了解充分。Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.事实上,即使是真的,互联网还可以用来主张冲突。Hatespeechandintoleranceflourishinitsmurkiercorners,wheregovernments(asFranceisnowdiscovering)findithardtointervene.煽动仇恨的言论和不容忍在其蓬勃发展murkier的角落,那里的政府(如法国现在发现)很难进行干预。AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.虽然不可否认,促进互联网通信,它不会制止战争。Butmightitreduceenergyconsumptionandpollution?但是,它可能减少能源消耗和污染?TheCentreforEnergyandClimateSolutions(CECS),aWashingtonthink-tank,hasadvancedjustsuchacase,basedlargelyonenergyconsumptionfiguresfor1997and1998.该中心的能源和气候解决方案(CECS),华盛顿智库,拥有先进的只是这种情况下,主要基于能源消耗的数字,1997年和1998年。WhiletheAmericaneconomygrewby9%overthosetwoyears,energydemandwasalmostunchanged—because,theCECSventures,theInternet“canturnpaperandCDsintoelectrons,andreplacetruckswithfiber-opticcable.”Nowonderoneenthusiasticnewspaperheadlinebegged,“Shoponline—savetheearth.”虽然美国经济增长了9%,超过这两年,能源需求几乎没有变化,因为,在CECS企业,互联网“可以把文件和CD到电子,并取代卡车的光纤电缆。”难怪一个热情报纸的标题恳求,“在线商店,拯救地球。”Sadly,earth-savingisharderthanthat.可悲的是,稀土节能更难了。Certainly,shoppingonlinefromhomeisfarlesspollutingthandrivingtoashoppingmall.当然,网上购物从家里要少得多污染比开车去一个购物中心。Orderinggroceriesonline,andhavingthemdelivered,meansthat,ifthelogisticsarehandledefficiently,onetruckjourneycanreplacedozensoffamilies’separatecartrips.网上订购食品杂货,并让他们交付,这意味着,如果物流处理效率,一辆卡车的旅程可以取代几十个家庭的单独的汽车旅行。Readingnewspapers,magazinesandotherdocumentsonlineismoreefficientthanprintingandtransportingthemphysically.读报纸,杂志及其他文件在网上更有效率比印刷和运送他们身体。Yetdoingthingsonlineismoreenergy-efficientonlyifitgenuinelydisplacesreal-worldactivities.然而,网上办事更节能,只有真正取代了现实世界的活动。Ifpeopleshoponlineaswellasvisitingthebricks-and-mortarstore,theresultisanoverallincreaseinenergyconsumption.如果人们在网上购物,以及访问的砖和迫击炮商店,结果是总体增加能源消耗。ThankstotheInternet,itisnoweasyforEuropeanstoorderbooksandhavethemextravagantlyair-freightedfromAmericabeforetheyareavailableinEurope.由于有了互联网,现在简单的欧洲人以书籍和他们历空运来自美国,才在欧洲上市。Anditismoreefficienttoreaddocumentsonlineonlyifdoingsoreplaces,ratherthanaddsto,theamountofprintedbumf.这是更有效的在线阅读文件,只有这样做替换,而不是增加,其数额印刷bumf。Furthermore,asmoreandmoreofficesandhomesconnecttotheInternet,millionsofPCs,printers,serversandotherdevicesgobblesignificantquantitiesofenergy.此外,随着越来越多的办公室和家庭连接到互联网,数以百万计的电脑,打印机,服务器及其它设备蚕食了大量的能源。Homecomputersarebecomingpartofthefabricofeverydaylife,andareincreasinglyleftswitchedonallthetime.家用电脑正在成为部分结构的日常生活,并正在日益转向左边的所有时间。Onecontroversialassessmentconcludedthatfully8%ofelectricityconsumptioninA
本文标题:2-What-the-Internet-Cannot-Do
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