形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：1）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加er，est。（1）一般情况在词尾加-er，est。如：hardharderhardest（2）以字母e结尾的只加-r，-st。如：largelargerlargest（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，est。如：healthyhealthierhealthiest（4）单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er，est。如：thinthinnerthinnest注：词尾为ow，er，le结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：narrownarrowernarrowestclevercleverercleverestsimplesimplersimplest2）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加more，most。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：seriousmoreseriousmostseriouspopularmorepopularmostpopulartiredmoretiredmosttiredpleasedmorepleasedmostpleased3）不规则变化：good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1）同级比较。常用句型为：肯定结构：as+形容词（副词）原级+as否定结构：notso(as)+形容词（副词）原级+as如：Ourgardenisasbeautifulastheirs.Janedidn'twriteas/socarefullyashereldersister.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.2）程度不等的比较，常与than连用，其基本句型是：A+形容词（副词）比较级+thanB如：ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.Whichdoyoulikebetter,strawberriesorgrapes?3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：the+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（of/among/in短语）如：SpringisthebestseasoninShanghai.Davidisthecleverestamongthethreebrothers.Tomjumps(the)farthestofallthestudents.注：副词的最高级前the可以省略。学习比较等级时的—些注意事项1）比较的对象应当一致。如：It'shotterinGuangzhouthanBeijing.（误）It'shotterinGuangzhouthaninBeijing.（正）Awoman'sheartbeatsfasterthanaman.（误）Awoman'sheartbeatsfasterthanaman’s.（正）2)不能与自身相比较。应借助other或else来表达排除。如：Beckhamismorepopularthananyfootballplayerintheworld.（误）Beckhamismorepopularthananyotherfootballplayerintheworld（正）Beckhamismorepopularthanalltheotherfootballplayersintheworld.（正）Beckhamismorepopularthananyfootballplayer,elseintheworld.（正）Beckhamisthemostpopularfootballplayerintheworld.（正）3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：much,even,far,abit,alittle,alot，still等。Thispairofshoesisevencheaper.Thenewtextbookisalittlethickerthantheoldone.HeisfiveyearsyoungerthanI.4)在比较级的句子中出现“ofthetwo”之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词the。如：Heistheshorterofthetwoboys.Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?5)“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”，多音节词则要用“more+and+more+原级”。如：Ablockoficeisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.Iammoreandmoreinterestedinhistory.6)“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越是……就越”。如：Thesooner,thebetter.（越快越好。）Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.