新世纪第三册第二单元TextA语言点(词汇难句有用的表达方式)

Book3Unit2LanguagePointsandGrammarStructureI.WordsandExpressions1.holdon:continueinspiteofdifficulties*Despiteallthehardships,heheldontohispursuitoffurtherstudyabroad.在经济衰退时期我们要把业务坚持下去。(=Weshouldholdontoourbusinessduringtherecession.)2.defy:vt.(1)tomakeimpossibleorunsuccessful*Thisproblemdefiedsolution.此问题无法解决。那个恐怖的场景难以描述。(=Thathorriblescenedefiedanydescription.)(2)torefusetoobey(=Theydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.)这些无视法律的罪犯终于得到了惩罚。(=Thesecriminalswhohaddefiedthelawwereeventuallypunished.)Collocations:defytheauthority反抗权威defythegovernment蔑视政府defyseverecold不畏严寒defyenumeration不胜枚举defylawshumananddivine无法无天CF.oppose,defy&resist这些动词均含有“反抗”、“抵抗”之意。oppose普通用词，可表不同程度的抵抗。defy指公开地、勇敢地反对或抵抗，有时含公然挑衅之意。resist指积极地反抗一种攻击、暴力或诱惑。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)Ourtroopersare_______theenemies’attacks.(=resisting)(2)Thisnewplanhasbeenstubbornly______sinceitwasputforward.(=opposed)(3)Thelittleboycouldn’t______thetemptationandateupallthecake.(=resist)(4)He_____thecourtorderbyleavingthecountry.(=defied)3.overwhelming:adj.overpoweringineffectorstrength*Thegirlscreamedwithoverwhelmingjoyatthesightofherbirthdaypresent,apinkdress.巨大的压力终于让他精神崩溃了。(=Heeventuallygotanervousbreakdownundertheoverwhelmingpressure.)4.given:prep.takingsth.intoaccount考虑到公司上半年业绩不佳，我们决定暂缓这次投资。(=Giventhecompany’spoorachievementinthefirsthalfoftheyear,wedecidedthattheinvestmentbeleftaside.)(=Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.)5.indulge:vi..[oftenusedwithin]toallowoneselftohaveordosth.thatoneenjoys,esp.sth.thatisconsideredratherbadorharmful*Forgetaboutdietingtodayandjustindulgeinthefood.我们应该给孩子们提供更多引导，以免他们沉迷于电脑游戏。(=Weshouldgivethechildrenmoreguidance,incasetheyindulgeinPCgames.)CF.spoil&indulge这两个动词均含“纵容”、“迁就”之意。spoil纵容，易造成性情的扭曲。例如：*Don’tspoilthechildbygivinghimwhateverheasksfor.不要对孩子有求必应，这样会惯坏他。indulge指迁就或放任某人应该节制的欲望要求或感情。例如：*Shealwaysindulgesinidledaydreams.她总是沉溺于徒劳的白日梦中。6.interact:vi.(ofpeople)toacttogetherorco-operatively,esp.soastocommunicatewitheachother*Partiesareachanceforpeopletointeractwitheachother.好的课堂氛围应该是学生和教师能有足够的互动。(=Teachersshouldinteractwithstudentsfrequentlytoensureagoodclassatmosphere.)7.await:vt.towaitfor我们仍在等候指示。(=Wearestillawaitinginstructions.)(=Awarmwelcomeawaitsallourcustomers.)8.groom:vt.totakecareoftheappearanceof(oneself)bydressingneatly,keepingthehairtidy,etc.小女孩正在镜子前仔细地打扮自己。(=Thelittlegirlisgroomingherselfcarefullyinfrontofthemirror.)*Aflightattendantshouldalwaysbeperfectlygroomed.空中服务员应该总是浑身上下干净利落.9.buildon:tobaseon*Ourcompany’sfuturedevelopmentisbuiltonrecentsuccess.我们公司未来的发展是以近来的成功为基础的。好的婚姻应该建立在相互理解的基础上。(=Agoodmarriageshouldbebuiltonmutualunderstanding.)10.blossom:vi.toproduceflowers*Thecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear(=Shehasblossomedoutintoabeautifulyoungwoman.)11.affection:n.fondness;gentlelastinglove,likethatofaparentforachild*Theoldpriestwasheldingreataffection.(=Theprincipalhadafatherlyaffectionfortheyoungsters.)老人很疼爱他的孙女。(=Theoldmanfeltgreataffectionforhisgranddaughter.)CF.affection,love&attachment这些名词均含“爱”、“热爱”之意。affection指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，强调感情的深沉。love比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。attachment通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.(1)Fatherlookedathislittledaughterinthewhiteweddingdresswithgreat________andalittlesadness.(=affection)(2)Ineverrealizemy_______tothecomfortsofhomeuntilIhavetoleaveit.(=attachment)(3)Theyoungcouple_______eachothersomuchthattheycan’tstandamomentapart.(=love)12.flesh:n.thebodyasopposedtothemindorsoul*Thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak.心有余而力不足。(=Lifeisnotthepursuitoffleshpleasures.)Collocations:flesh-eating食肉的fleshandblood血肉之躯intheflesh活生生的，本人makeone’sfleshcreep心惊肉跳13.constraint:n.sth.thatlimitsone’sfreedomofaction*Allconstraintvanishedbetweenthetwogirlssoon,andtheybegantotalkfreely.(=Weshouldnotignorethemoralconstraintsinourpursuitofsuccess.)14.restraint:n.theactofrestrainingortheconditionofbeingrestrained*Thepoliceofficershowedgreatrestraintwhatevertheyoungmansaidtohim.(=Idreamoflivingafreelife,awayfromtherestraintsofurbanexistence.)随着孩子们渐渐长大，他们开始反抗父母的管束。(=Astheygrowolder,kidsbegintorebelagainsttherestraintsimposedbytheirparents.)15.haste:n.quicknessofmovement,hurry*Whyallthehaste?为什么这么匆忙?(=Marryinhaste,repentatleisure.)欲速则不达。(=Morehaste,lessspeed.)CF.haste,speed&hurry这些名词均含“迅速”、“急速”之意。haste中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。speed多用于褒义，指行动敏捷，效果好。hurry指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意思。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)Don'tletanyone______youintomakingadecisionyou'llregretlater.(=hurry)(2)Inhis______toleave,heforgothisbriefcase.(=haste)(3)Postalworkerslaboredovertimeto______deliveryoftheChristmasmail.(=speed)(4)Ifyoudon't______,you'llmisstheplane.(=hurry)16.compatible:adj.abletoexist,live,orbeusedtogetherorwith(anotherthing)*Compatiblefamilyrelationsmakeachildmoretolerant.(=Certainkindsofdrugarenotcompatibleandshouldneverbetakentogether.)这台打印机与大多数计算机兼容.(=Thisprinteriscompatiblewithmostcomputers.)17.sensibility:n.(1