岩土专业词汇

Part1Generalwords岩土工程Geotechnicalengineering基础工程Foundationengineering土soil,earth`土力学soilmechanics周期荷载cyclicloading卸载再加载reloading粘弹性地基viscoelasticfoundation粘滞阻尼viscousdamping剪切模量shearmodulus土动力学soildynamics应力路径stresspathPart2Typesofsoil残积土residualsoil地下水groundwater地下水位groundwaterlevel/groundwatertable粘土矿物clayminerals次生矿物secondaryminerals滑坡landslide钻孔柱状图boreholecolumnarsection工程地质勘察engineeringgeologicinvestigation漂石boulder卵石cobble砂石gravel砾砂gravellysand粗砂coarsesand中砂mediumsand细砂finesand粉土siltysand粘性土clayeysoil粘土clay粉质粘土siltyclay砂质粉土sandysilt粘质粉土clayeysilt饱和土saturatedsoil非饱和土unsaturatedsoil填土filledsoilPart3Permeabilityandseepage达西定律Darcy’slaw管涌piping流土flowingsoil砂沸sandboiling流网flownet渗流seepage渗漏leakage渗透压力seepage(force)pressure渗透性permeability水力梯度hydraulicgradient渗透系数coefficientofpermeabilityPart4Deformationandstressoffoundation软土softsoil打入桩（负）摩阻力(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile有效应力effectivestress总应力totalstress十字板抗剪强度fieldvaneshearstrength低活性lowactivity灵敏度sensitivity三轴试验triaxialtest基础设计foundationdesign再压缩recompaction承载力bearingcapacity土体soilmass接触压力contactpressure集中荷载concentratedload半无限弹性体asemi-infiniteelasticsolid均质homogeneous各向同性isotropic条基stripfooting方形独立基础squarespreadfooting下卧层（土）underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)恒载/静载deadload持续荷载sustainedload活载liveload短期瞬时荷载short–termtransientload长期荷载long-termtransientload折算荷载reducedload沉降settlement变形deformation套管casing堤（防）dike=dyke粘粒粒组clayfraction物理性质physicalproperties路基subgrade级配良好土well-gradedsoil级配不良土poorly-gradedsoil筛子sieve摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition有限元法FEM=finiteelementmethod极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod孔隙水压力porewaterpressure先期固结压力preconsolidationpressure压缩模量modulusofcompressibility压缩系数coefficentofcompressibility压缩指数compressionindex回弹指数swellingindex自重应力geostaticstress附加应力additionalstress最终沉降finalsettlement滑移线sliplinePart5Excavationanddewateringoffoundation开挖excavation降水dewatering基坑失稳failureoffoundation基坑围护bracingoffoundationpit（基坑）底隆起bottomheave=basalheave挡土墙retainingwall孔压分布pore-pressuredistribution降低地下水位法dewateringmethod井点系统wellpointsystem深井点deepwellpoint真空井点vacuumwellpoint支撑围护bracedcuts支撑开挖bracedexcavation支撑挡板bracedsheetingPart6Deepfoundation桩基础pilefoundation灌注桩cast–in-placepile沉管灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile钻孔桩boredpile机控异型灌注桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile嵌岩灌注桩pilessetintorock夯扩桩rammedbulbpile钻孔墩基础belledpierfoundation钻孔扩底墩drilled-pierfoundation预制混凝土桩precastconcretepile钢桩steelpile钢管桩steelpipepile钢板桩steelsheetpile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土管桩prestressedconcretepipepile沉井（箱)caissonfoundation地下连续墙diaphragm摩擦桩frictionpile端承桩end-bearingpile波动方程分析waveequationanalysis承台pilecap单桩承载力bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩横向载荷试验lateralpileloadtest单桩横向极限承载力ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩竖向静荷载试验staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向容许承载力verticalallowableloadcapacity低桩承台lowpilecap高桩承台high-risepilecap单桩抗拔极限承载力verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile静压桩silentpiling抗拔桩upliftpile抗滑桩anti-slidepile群桩pilegroups群桩效率系数（η）efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效应efficiencyofpilegroups桩基动测dynamicpiletesting最后贯入度finalset桩动荷载试验dynamicloadtestofpile桩的完整性试验pileintegritytest桩头pilehead=butt桩端（头）piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩距pilespacing桩位布置图pileplan桩的布置arrangementofpiles=pilelayout群桩作用groupaction桩端阻endbearing=tipresistance桩侧阻skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩垫pilecushion打桩（振动）piledriving(byvibration)拔桩试验pilepullingtest桩靴pileshoe打桩噪音pilenoise打桩机pilerigPart7Groundtreatment建筑地基处理技术规范technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding垫层法cushionmethod预压法preloadingmethod强夯法dynamiccompactionmethod强夯置换法dynamiccompactionreplacementmethod振冲法vibroflotationmethod砂石桩sand-gravelpile/pile-stonecolumn水泥粉煤灰碎石桩cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥土搅拌桩cementmixingpile水泥桩cementcolumn石灰桩limepile/limecolumn高压喷射注浆法jetgroutingmethod夯实水泥土桩rammed-cement-soilpile灰土挤密桩lime-soilcompactionpile/lime-soilcompactedcolumn化学加固法chemicalstabilizationmethod表层压实法surfacecompactionmethod超载预压法surchargepreloadingmethod真空预压法vacuumpreloadingmethod袋装砂井法sandwickmethod土工织物geofabric/geotextile复合地基compositefoundation加筋法reinforcementmethod降低地下水固结法dewateringconsolidationmethod冷热处理法freezingandheatingmethod膨胀土地基处理expansivegroundtreatment山区地基处理groundtreatmentinmountainarea湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsibleloesstreatment人工地基artificialfoundation天然地基naturalfoundation褥垫pillow软土地基softclayground砂井sanddrain树根桩rootpile塑料排水带plasticdrain碎石桩stonecolumn/gravelpile（复合地基）置换率(compositefoundation)replacementratioPart8固结consolidation太沙基固结理论Terzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论Barraon’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论Biot’sconsolidationtheory超固结比overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结土overconsolidationsoil超孔压力excessporewaterpressure多维固结multi-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结one-dimensionalconsolidation主固结primaryconsolidation次固结secondaryconsolidation固结度degreeofconsolidation固结试验consolidationtest固结曲线consolidationcurve时间因子timefactorTv固结系数coefficientofconsolidation前期固结压力preconsolidationpressure有效应力原理principleofeffectivestressK0固结consolidationunderK0conditionPart9抗剪强度shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrength残余强度residualstrength长期强度long-termstrength峰值强度peakstrength剪胀dilatation抗剪强度有效应力法effectivestressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总