技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策

1技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策摘要农产品贸易大则事关国家粮食安全，平衡世界粮食余缺；小则影响人们日常膳食，优化饮食结构。通过扩大农产品出口，有利于加快农业产业化进程，促进农业科技的创新和推广，带动农村剩余劳动力的转移，实现农民增收。加强我国具有比较优势的农产品出口可以缓解农产品贸易逆差不断扩大的局面，并逐步实现农产品贸易的基本平衡，对保证国民经济的平稳运行具有重大的战略意义。然而，由于贸易保护主义的抬头，特别是美国次贷危机带来的全球经济疲软，让已经趋于恶化的国际贸易环境更是雪上加霜。一些发达国家依仗自身经济和技术上的绝对优势，频频出台技术性贸易壁垒措施对发展中国家的农产品设置障碍。我国作为农产品出口大国，自然也深受其害。我国农产品贸易逆差进一步扩大，对主要贸易伙伴的出口陷入量值双降的困境。因此，了解主要出口市场或地区的技术性贸易措施实施情况及实施动力，研究其对我国农产品出口的影响及影响程度，提出积极应对国外技术性贸易壁垒的有效途径是急需解决的问题。关键词：贸易壁垒农产品出口2TechnicalBarrierstoTradeonChina'sexportsofagriculturalproductsandthecountermeasuresAbstractAgriculturaltradeisamatterofgreatnationalfoodsecurity,worldfoodbalanceremainingplaces;littleaffectedthepeople'sdailydiet,optimizingdiet.Byexpandingagriculturalexports,helpspeeduptheprocessofagriculturalindustrialization,promotionofagriculturalscienceandtechnologyinnovationandpromotion,promotethetransferofruralsurpluslabor,therealizationoffarmers'income.StrengtheningChina'sagriculturalexportswithcomparativeadvantagescaneasetheexpandingagriculturaltradedeficitsituation,andgraduallyachieveabasicbalanceofagriculturaltrade,toensurethesmoothoperationofthenationaleconomyisofgreatstrategicsignificance.However,duetotheriseoftradeprotectionism,especiallytheglobaleconomicweaknessintheU.S.subprimemortgagecrisis,sothathasbeenworseninginternationaltradingenvironmentisworse.Somedevelopedcountriesrelyontheirowneconomicandtechnologicalabsoluteadvantage,technicalbarrierstotradefrequentlyintroducedmeasurestosetupbarrierstoagriculturalproductsfromdevelopingcountries.Chinaisamajorexporterofagriculturalproducts,naturallysuffer.China'sagriculturaltradedeficitfurtherexpandexportstomajortradingpartnersintroublemagnitudedoubledrop.Therefore,understandingtheregion'smainexportmarketsortechnicaltrademeasuresandtheimplementationoftheimplementationofthepower,influenceandimpactoftheirresearchonChina'sexportsofagriculturalproducts,madeapositiveeffectivewaytodealwithforeigntechnicalbarrierstotradeisanurgentproblem.Keywords:tradebarriersproduceexports3目录摘要......................................................................................................................................................................1Abstract...............................................................................................................................................................2一、技术性贸易壁垒的概述..............................................................................................................................41.技术性贸易壁垒的定义根据...................................................................................................................42.技术性贸易壁垒的表现形式和特征.......................................................................................................42.1技术标准、技术法规和合格评定程序。...................................................................................42.2产品检疫、检验制度与措施。...................................................................................................52.3包装和标签要求。.......................................................................................................................52.4信息技术壁垒。...........................................................................................................................53.技术性贸易壁垒的实质...........................................................................................................................6二、技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响分析......................................................................................71.对出口的数量的影响..............................................................................................................................72.对农产品市场准入的影响.......................................................................................................................73.对农产品出口成本的影响.......................................................................................................................84.对农产品出口国贸易条件的影响...........................................................................................................95.对农业生产技术的提升，优化生产经营方式.......................................................................................96.对农产品质量的提升，扩大我国外贸知名度.......................................................................................9三、我国农产品出口遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的特点分析................................................................................101.指标日趋严格........................................................................................................................................102.范围不断扩大........................................................................................................................................103.扩散效应显著........................................................................................................................................104.部分技术贸易壁垒具有歧视性.............................................................................................................10四、我国农产品出口遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的原因分析.................................................................................111.发达国家为了保护本国利益.......................