技术扩散对中国对外贸易的影响研究

北京科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）--1摘要自美国次贷危机以来，中国的实体经济，尤其是对外贸易，受到了前所未有的冲击。我国对外贸易中所包含的技术含量低，附加值少，缺乏国际竞争力等问题也逐渐表现出来。面对此种情况，党中央在加快转变经济增长方式的政策中明确指出，要实现由依靠物质资源的消耗向依靠技术和知识的投入转变。基于这样的背景，论文以中国对外贸易为主要研究对象。首先，根据商务部发布的分析数据，对中国对外贸易的发展现状进行大体上的概述。其次，运用技术扩散的基本原理，阐述了技术扩散对我国对外贸易的影响并对其机理进行分析。最后，根据上述分析所得的结果，再结合我国对外贸易的实际，提出运用技术扩散原理推进中国对外贸易的对策及建议。科学技术是第一生产力，是转变我国经济发展方式的关键途径之一，它能提高我国的国家竞争力，改善我国对外贸易的环境和质量。然而，与发达国家相比，我国科学技术的水平较低、底子较薄，完全依赖与自主创新发展知识型经济是不太符合实际的。所以，在科学技术高速发展的今天，我国更应该充分利用发达国家的成功经验，通过国际贸易直接输入西方的先进技术。这样有利于减小我国的技术研发成本支出，也会大大缩短我国与欧美国家在科学技术水平上的差距，从而为我国经济实现跨越式发展打下坚实基础。关键词：技术扩散，对外贸易，机理分析，对策建议北京科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）--2TechnologydiffusionontheinfluenceofChina'sforeigntradeAbstractSincetheUnitedStatessufferedfromthefinancialcrisis,China'seconomicentity,especiallyforeigntrade,wasunprecedentedshock.China'sforeigntradecontaintechnicalcontentislow,addedvalue,thelackofinternationalcompetitivenesslessproblemsalsograduallyexpressioncomesout.Facingthissituation,thepartycentralcommitteeinacceleratingchangingthestyleofeconomicgrowthinthepoliciesofexplicitlypointedoutthat,torealizebyrelyingontheconsumptionofmaterialresourcestorelyontechnologyandknowledgeinputtransformation..Basedonthisbackground,thispapertakesChina’sforeigntradeasthemainresearchobject.Firstofall,onthebasisoftheanalysisofthedata,whichreleasedtothedevelopmentofChina’sforeigntradestatussummaryingeneral.Secondly,thebasicprincipleofusingtechnologydiffusion,describesthetechnicaldiffusiononChina'sforeigntradeinfluenceandanalysisofthemechanism.Finally,accordingtotheaboveanalysis,combiningresultsofChina'sforeigntrade,andputsforwardthepracticalapplicationoftechnologydiffusionprincipleofChina'sforeigntradecountermeasuresandSuggestions.Scienceandtechnologyisthefirstproductivityandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountryistochangethewayoneofthekeyways,itcanenhanceournationalcompetitiveness,improveourforeigntradeenvironmentandquality.However,comparedwiththedevelopedcountries,China'slowlevelofscienceandtechnology,athinner,completelydependentandindependentinnovationdevelopmentisnotaknowledge-basedeconomytoorealistic.So,intherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChinatoday,moreshouldmakefulluseofthesuccessfulexperienceofdevelopedcountries,throughtheinternationaltradedirectinputwesternadvancedtechnology.ThishelpstoreducethecostoftechnicalresearchinChina,alsocangreatlyshortentheourcountryandtheEuropeanandAmericancountriesinthelevelofscienceandtechnology,andthegapforChina'seconomicgreat-leap-forwarddevelopmenttolayasolidfoundation.KeyWords：Technologydiffusion,Foreigntrade,Mechanismanalysis,Countermeasures北京科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）--3目录摘要........................................................................................................................1Abstract.........................................................................................................................2引言........................................................................................................................11中国对外贸易发展现状概述.....................................................................................21.1进出口全面恢复，但趋势有减缓迹象..................................................................21.2贸易平衡状况好转，有明显的结构性特征..........................................................21.3市场多元化成效明显，与新兴市场贸易快速发展..............................................31.4一般贸易增长速度高于于加工贸易，民营企业表现突出.................................42技术扩散对中国对外贸易的影响简述.....................................................................52.1技术扩散及其意义....................................................................................................52.2技术扩散对我国对外贸易的影响概述；贸易规模方面.....................................52.3技术扩散对我国对外贸易的影响概述：贸易结构方面.....................................62.4技术扩散对我国对外贸易的影响概述：贸易条件方面.....................................73技术扩散对我国对外贸易影响的机理分析.............................................................83.1技术扩散推动我国贸易的机理概述.......................................................................83.2技术扩散对我国对外贸易影响的机理分析：以贸易条件为例.........................84运用技术扩散推进我国对外贸易的对策及建议...................................................124.1加强政府宏观调控，坚持科教兴国战略...........................................................124.2转变贸易发展方式，优化对外贸易结构...........................................................124.3加快技术创新速度，增强企业国际竞争力.......................................................13北京科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）--44.4增强学习模仿能力，扩大技术扩散效应...........................................................13结论..............................................................................................................................14参考文献................................................................................................................15附录............................................................................................................................16附录A外文原文..........................................................................................................16附录B中文译文...........................................................................................................16北京科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）--1引言二十一世纪是科