常见写作错误分析(new)

一．不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致，时态不一致及代词不一致等。Sample1:Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo).Sample2:Adrivershouldneverraceyourmotorwithoutawarm-up.Adrivershouldneverracehismotorwithoutawarm-up.Sample3:Whenoneissick,youdon’twantcompany.Whenyouaresick,youdon’twantcompany.Whenoneissick,onedoesn’twantcompany.Sample4:Iwasextremelysorryyouareinjured.Iamextremelysorryyouareinjured.二．修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)Misplacedanddanglingmodifiersarephrasesthatarenotlocatedproperlyinrelationtothewordstheymodify.Misplacedmodifiersleadtoillogicalsentencesthataredifficulttofollow.Modifiersareassociatedwiththeclosestwordtheycouldpossiblybelongto.Whenamodifierslipsoutofplace,therearisesconfusion.英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．Sample5：IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillknowtheworldoutsidethecampusbetter.Sample6:AsmallbooksatonthedeskthatSarahhadread.AsmallbookthatSarahhadreadsatonthedesk.★修改原则A.避免修饰语错置的关键是使修饰语尽可能靠近被修饰语。B.副词短语和时间、地点、方式等状语从句可以万无一失地置于句首。C.把那些很难安排位置的修饰语置于句首。D.避免因为一个修饰语和句子中多个成份之间存在潜在的修饰关系而引发歧义现象。四．句子不完整（SentenceFragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．不完整句不具备完整主谓结构的句子。依赖于特定的语境，能够独立使用并有一定的交际功能。常见错误包括：从属连词引起的破句，ing分词和不定式结构引起的错误，增添细节引起的破句和缺少主语或者谓语动词的破句。Sample7:Becausethekidsthoughttheirwagesweretoolow.Becausethekidsthoughttheirwagesweretoolow,theydemandedahighpay.Sample8:Peopleworkedtogetherontheassemblyline.Movingquicklyandefficiently.Theywantedtomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.Peopleworkedtogetherontheassemblyline,movingquicklyandefficiently.Theywantedtomakesmuchmoneyaspossible.Sample9:Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.Sample10:Awomantoberespectedandfeared.Sheisawomantoberespectedandfeared.Sample11:Hewillsuretocomeandhelpme.Hewillbesuretocomeandhelpme.Sample12:Weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.Weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.Thegirlwhohadtoldhimabouttheconcert.Thegirlwhohadtoldhimabouttheconcertwasgone.★修改原则：改正从属连词引起的破句时，可以把该从句附属于其前或其后某个子句上。也可以去掉破句中的连词。三．悬垂修饰语（DanglingModifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．了解垂悬修饰语（danglingmodifier）的特点：修饰语在句中找不到逻辑上被修饰的对象。分词结构、不定式结构和介词短语做修饰语修饰句子时，易发生垂悬修饰现象。Danglingmodifiersareverbalphrasesorshortenedclauses,oftenatthebeginningofasentence,thateitherhavenothingtomodifyorthatmodifythewrongelementintheclausestowhichtheyareattracted.Theyarelikelytocreateillogicalmeanings.Sample13:Allbeingwell,theprojectwillbefinishedinfewmonths.Goodluckgiven,Iwillearnmoremoneythanallofyou.Marycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.Sample14:Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.Sample15:Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.Sample16：Watchingtheparade,mywalletwasstolen.Whilewatchingtheparade,Ihadmywalletstolen.WhileIwaswatchingtheparade,mywalletwasstolen.★修改原则A.明确动作的实施者，使悬垂成份所修饰的对象成为主句主语。、B.将悬垂修饰语扩展成从句。五．词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等.Sample17:Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.Sample18:Honestissoimportantforeveryone.Honestyissoimportantforeveryone.Sample19:Weallknowthatfailisthemotherofsucceed.Weallknowthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Sample20:Makeourcitiesgreenerisimportant.Planttreesandflowersisthebestmeasuretoobtainthegoal.Makingourcitiesgreenerisimportant.Plantingtreesandflowersisthebestmeasuretoobtainthegoal.Sample21:Peoplecanthroughtheinternettogetinformation.Peoplecangetinformationthroughinternet.六．指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。Sample22:Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.Sample23:Leaveoutthewordinthatsentencebecauseitistoodifficult.Leaveoutthewordbecausewithitthesentencewouldbetoodifficult.Sample24:Shetoldmysisterthatherideawaspracticable.Shetoldmysisterthatmysister’s/herownideawaspracticable.七．不间断句子(Run-onSentences)串句是不用连词和标点而把两个(或以上)独立的句子串在一起的错误表达。有些串句是不用任何标点间隔两个甚至更多的句子；有些串句是在该用句号时滥用逗号，忽略了英语语言中的逗号本身没有连接句子的功能这一原则。Arun-onsentenceisasentenceinwhichtwoormoreindependentclausesareincorrectlyjoinedbyacommawithoutacoordinatingconjunctionorsentenceconnector.★修改原则A.把原句分成两个独立的句子Sample25:Ritadecidedtostopsmokingshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Ritadecidedtostopsmoking.Shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Theexamwaspostponedtheclasswascanceledaswell.Theexamwaspostponed.Theclasswascanceledaswell.B.用并列连词连接两个句子。Ritadecidedtostopsmoking,forshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Theexamwaspostponed,andtheclasswascanceledaswell.C.用分号连接两个句子。Ritadecidedtostopsmoking;shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Theexamwaspostponed;theclasswascanceledaswell.八．措词毛病(TroublesinDiction)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题Sample26:Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.Sample27:Hefinallyresolvedtheproblem.Hef