大学英语四级讲座.

全国大学英语四级考试金曙2015-12-14报名时间：每年5月，11月考试时间：6月，12月第三个星期六成绩发布：每年考试过后8月份或9月份公布成绩并颁发成绩单，根据教育部规定四六级考试不设置及格线，四级425分以上可以报考六级，所以大家普遍认为四六级的合格线为425分。英语四六级的总分为710分。简介试卷结构一、命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语篇连贯，无重大语言错误。二、评分方式globalscoring：从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑所用语言（英语）是否能清楚而明确地表达思想。阅卷人员根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分(rewardscores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。写作三、评分标准：2分:条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分:基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分:基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分:切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分:切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。写作四、命题类型1.观点类作文a.观点选择类作文b.观点论证类作文2.现象类作文a.现象阐释类b.问题解决类3.图表类作文a.影响分析类b.问题解决类4.应用类作文a.书信b.演讲写作a.观点选择型作文此类作文直接要求考生比较两种对立的观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，做出选择。关键句式Thereisageneraldiscussionnowadaysontheproblemof….Someargue/holdthat…,butotherssetforthatotallydifferentargumentabouttheissue.Inreactiontothephenomenon/inanswertotheproblem/inresponsetotheon-goingsocialchange,somepeoplebelieve…Intheirminds,…However,othersmaintain….Intheireyes,…Personally,Isidewiththeformer/latteropinions.Iamoftheopinionthatpriorityshouldbegivento…Inconclusion,itisclearthat…Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromalltheabovesaid,itis…观点类作文b.观点论证型作文此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。Whenaskedabout(_____),somepeopleholdtheideathat(___).Asfarasthey’reconcerned,(____).ButIcouldnotagreewiththeminseveralpoints.Inmyopinion,(_____).Thereasonformychoicearelistedasfollows.Firstofall,(______).Whatismore,(______).Lastbutnottheleast,(______).Forthereasonsmentionedabove,Ifirmlybelievethat(______).观点类作文此类作文主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状;其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因;最后做出分析，指出其影响，提出解决建议或总结观点。a.现象阐释类作文关键句式Recently,thephenomenonof…hasbecomethefocusofthepublicconcern.Itisnoeasy/simpletasktoofferthereasonforthisphenomenonwhichinvolvesmorethanonecomplicatedfactor.要解释该现象的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。Amongalltheimportant/convincingreasonsfor…,oneshouldbeemphasized…Thesignificanteffectsofthisphenomenonareundeniable,whichcanbeconcludedasthefollowingaspects.Ononehand,…;Ontheotherhand,…现象类作文b.问题解决类作文关键句式Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy/society/people’slivingstandard,wearefacingaseriousphenomenonthat…Whathascausedthisproblem?Itseemstomethatthereareseveralreasonsasfollows.Firstofall,(______).Whatismore,(______).Lastbutnottheleast,(______).Inviewoftheseriousnessofthephenomenon,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.Foronething,itishightimethatpeoplealloverChinarealizedtheseriousnessofthephenomenon;foranother,thegovernmentshouldissuelawsandregulationstoputthesituationundercontrol.Onlyinthesewaycanwesuccessfullysolvetheproblem.现象类作文此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性;然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。a.影响分析型关键句式Thechart/graph/table/picturedescribesthatthefiguredeclines/fallssmoothly/markedly.Itindicatesthat…Theremaybeacombinationoffactorswhichcontributeto/areresponsiblefor…Theremaybeseveralpossiblereasonstothisphenomenon,whichwillbedemonstratedasfollows.。Thesignificanteffectsofthisphenomenonareundeniable,whichcanbeconcludedasthefollowingaspects.图表类作文影响分析型作文框架Asisshowninthegraphabove,wecanseeclearlythatgreatchangeshavetakenplacein…from…to…Thefirst…yearssaw…Thelast…yearswitnessed…Whatarethereasonsforthe?Onmystandpoint,thereareseveralasfollows.Firstofall,(______).Whatismore,(______).Lastbutnottheleast,(______).Thesignificanteffectsofthisphenomenonareundeniable,whichcanbeconcludedasthefollowingaspects.Ononehand,…;Ontheotherhand,…图表类作文b.问题解决型关键句式Itisimportantthateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.Thereisnoimmediatesolutiontotheproblemof…,but…mightbehelpful/butthegeneralawarenessofthenecessityof…mightbethefirststep.Inordertomakeourworldabetterplaceinwhichwelive,weshouldmakegreateffortsto…Accordingtowhatwehavetalkedabove,wecanarriveattheconclusionreasonably/naturallythat….thebestwaytosolvethisproblemis…Followingthismethodmaynotguaranteethesuccessinsolutionto…,butthepayoffwillbeworththeeffort.图表类作文问题解决型作文框架Asisshowninthegraphabove,wecanseeclearlythatgreatchangeshavetakenplacein…from…to…Thefirst…yearssaw…Thelast…yearswitnessed…Whathascausedthisproblem?Itseemstomethatthereare…reasonsasfollows.Firstofall,(______).Whatismore,(______).Lastbutnottheleast,(______).Accordingtowhatwehavetalkedabove,wecanarriveattheconclusionreasonably/naturallythat….thebestwaytosolvethisproblemis…Although,followingthismethodmaynotguaranteethesuccessinsolutionto…,butthepayoffwillbeworththeeffort.图表类作文2013年6月的四级真题：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofdoingsmallthingsbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words。题目在这道四级题目中，儿子问父亲：“爸爸，我有点担心核废料的处理。”父亲回答：“如果你能倒了这儿的垃圾桶，你能做任何事情”题目为做大事之前做小事的重要性，应了一句古话：“一屋不扫，何以扫天下？”2015年6月的六级写作真题其实与上述四级真题一脉相承，几乎是原题重考。2015年6月六级本题由谚语“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway.”引出话题，探讨成就与大事和小事之间的关系，对“大”与“小”进行辨证理解。话题与往年出现的成功、大事小事、积累、坚持等都有关联。本题难度较大，从日常学习上升到成就与感悟，需要考生在平日多进行批判思考，才能在考场上有话可写。应用类作文