届高考英语一轮复习专题三《非谓语动词》语法知识点精讲

英语大师en.eywedu.net://专题三非谓语动词◆非谓语动词的考查要点1．动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“be＋todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。MyjobistoteachEnglish.(说明内容)be＋todosth.(表示按计划要做的事)Heistogoabroad.(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。下列词语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，findout，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。①动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listento，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。②常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb.todosth.主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel＋sb.＋tobe/tohavedone主语＋callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor＋sb.＋todosth.(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等。②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to，soas(not)to用来引导目的状语；enough...to，so...astodo，such＋名词．..astodo作结果状语。Thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.英语大师en.eywedu.net://’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem，appear，besaid，besupposed，bebelieved，bethought，beknown，bereported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto＋完成时。(B)was/wereto＋不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish＋不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。①同一结构并列由and或or连接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.特例：Tobeornottobe，thisisaquestion.Itisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。Whathedidwaslosethegame.③句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，suchas等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Don’tdoanythingsilly，suchasmarryhim.④主句含有不定式，后面有ratherthan，ratherthan后省to。⑤Whynot，hadbetter，wouldrather，can’tbut等词后省to。You’dbettertakeitseriously.⑥多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.英语大师en.eywedu.net://—IknowIoughttohave.常见的有：I’dlike/love/behappyto。题组训练1用所给动词的适当形式填空1．It’simportantforthefigurestobeupdated(update)regularly.2．Todaywehavechatrooms，textmessaging，emailing...butweseemtobelosing(lose)theartofcommunicatingface­to­face.3．Iftheywinthefinaltonight，theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecitytobecheered(cheer)bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.4．ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortabletohold(hold)．5．Simonmadeabigbambooboxtokeep(keep)thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.6．Passengersarepermittedtocarry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.7．MoreTVprograms，accordingtogovernmentofficials，willbeproducedtoraise(raise)people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.8．Theabilitytoexpress(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.2．动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，can’thelp，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leaveoff，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，havetrouble/difficulty(in)，devoteto，be/getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth。(3)介词后要接动名词；whatabout，howabout，befondof，begoodat等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upondoingsth.＝assoonas引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。Onhisarrivalatthestation，hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：①begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，can’tstand例句解析1.Itbegantorain./Itbeganraining.2．Itwasbeginningtosnow.3．Ilovelying(tolie)onmyback.4．Ilikelisteningtomusic，buttodayIdon’tliketo.5．Idon’tprefertoswimintherivernow.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时时，后面只跟不定式。2．表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。英语大师en.eywedu.net://②remember，forget，regret，try例句解析1.Iremembertomeetheratthestation.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.2．Iforgotgivingittoyouyesterday.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.3．Iregretnothavingworkedhard.Iregrettohearofyoursister’sdeath.4．Tryknockingatthebackdoor.Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.5．Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.IhadmeanttogoonMonday.1.remembertodosth.记住要做的事rememberdoingsth.回顾过去发生的事2．forgettodosth.忘记要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过的事3．regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔4．trytodosth.设法，试图做某事trydoingsth.试试看，试一试5．meantodosth.打算做……，想要做……meandoingsth.意味着③want，require，need例句解析1.Thesedesksneedrepairing.Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.2．Thepatientrequiredexamining.Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.表达意思一样，但用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动形式(表被动意义)。题组训练2用所给动词的适当形式填空1．It’snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.2．Lydiadoesn’tfeellikestudying(study)abroad.Herparent