大货车制动器热衰退报警系统

大货车制动器热衰退报警系统设计摘要：制动器是车辆的重要安全部件，在汽车行驶安全性与停车可靠性方面具有极其重要的作用。载货汽车在山区公路长下坡路段行驶时，因频繁制动或连续制动，使制动器负荷增大，十分容易出现热衰退现象，从而影响制动器性能使车辆的制动距离大大增加，对行车制动安全带来较大的影响。因此，研究制动器温升情况，对制动蹄摩擦衬片温度信息进行实时监控，并及时将摩擦衬片温度信息传递给驾驶员，将摩擦衬片温度控制在行驶安全温度以下，有效减少制动效能热水退现象的出现，从而保证制动器在制动时具有足够的制动效能，对装有鼓式制动器的载货汽车具有重要意义。近年来，我国道路交通安全形势日益严峻，群死群伤和重大恶性交通事故频发。根据公安部交通管理局通报数据，载货汽车的运输安全问题已经成为国家主管部门提高交通运输安全的重要举措之一。本文结合“863”项目《营运载货汽车安全性能监测与预警集成技术及装置》针对制动过程中连续制动或强制制动情况，分析了制动器自身影响制动性能的主要因素，包括制动蹄摩擦衬片磨损量、制动力矩、制动蹄摩擦衬片温度三个方面；研究了制动器制动过程中制动器的温升情况；针对制动失效主要原因，利用能量守恒定律及与车速、制动距离、制动器温度等之间的关系，推出了车辆在满载时，长下坡情况下制动器温度与制动安全距离之间的关系模型，研究寻找了制动过程中鼓式制动器最高温度的位置，设计研发载货汽车制动器温度监测及预警系统，对制动蹄摩擦衬片温度进行实时监控。概系统能够在制动器摩擦衬片温度达到预设的报警温度时，发出声、光报警，提示驾驶员减速行驶，或提示进入紧急休息区停车休息，待温度恢复正常后再继续前行，从而提高载货汽车的行车安全，减少交通事故的发生。关键词：大货车；鼓式制动器；制动器温升；安全预警BigtruckbrakethermalrecessionalarmsystemdesignAbstract：Thebrakesareimportantsafetycomponentsofvehicles,drivinginthevehiclesafetyandreliabilityofvehicleparkingisextremelyimportantrole.Truckcontinuouslongdownhillbraking,thebrakeload,poordrivingenvironment,pronetoheatarecession,whichcouldaffectthevehicle'sbrakingbrakeperformancefromthegreatlyincreasedsecurity,greatersafetyonthebrakeeffects.Therefore,studythetemperatureofbrakes,monitorthetemperatureofthebrakesysteminformationinreal-timeanddeliverythemtothedrivertimely,thiswillcontrolthetemperaturelowerthanthesafetytemperatureindriving.Inthismethod,thebrakingthermalperformanceofthephenomenonoftherecessionwillbeeffectivelyreduced,andensuresufficientbrakingperformanceofthebrakeswhichfittedwithdrumbrakesonheavyvehiclesladenwithsignificance.Inrecentyears,roadtrafficsafetysituationisincreasinglygriminChina,andfrequentaccidentsofmajormalignantbecomelarger.AccordingtotheinformedDataoftheMinistryofPublicSecurityTrafficManagementBureau,safetyoftrucktransportofroadtrafficsafetyhasbecomeoneofthemajorfocusonaccidents,whileaddressingtheproblemofroadtrafficsafetyhasbecomeoneoftheimportantnationalauthoritiestoimprovetransportationsecurityinitiatives.Inthispaper,combinethe863”projectOperatingperformanceoftrucksafetytechnologiesandintegratedmonitoringandearlywarningdeviceanalyzesthemainfactorsaffectingbrakeperformanceofbrakesthemselvesforthecontinuousbrakingsituation,includingthetemperatureofbrakeshoefrictionlining，thebrakingtorqueandthewearofbrakeshoe.Studythetemperaturerisesituationofbrakesduringthebrake;focusonthemainreasonsforfailureunderbraking,usetherelationshipofenergyconservationtheoremwiththespeed,brakingdistance,braketemperature,deducetherelationshipformulabetweenthebraketemperaturewiththebrakingsafetydistancewhenit'sfullyloadedvehiclewithdifferentslope;researchonthelocationofdrumbrakesystemhighesttemperature,designanddevelopthetruckbrakesystemtemperaturemonitoringandearlywarningsystemstomonitorthetemperatureofbrakesysteminreal-time.Whenthetemperaturereachesthepresetalarmtemperature(thetemperatureoftheupperlimitofsafedriving),audibleandvisualalarmappear,promptingthedrivertoslowdown,ordriveintoemergencyseatingareatostopuntilthetemperaturereturnstonormalandthenmoveon.Thereby,improvetrucktrafficsafetyandreducingtrafficaccidentstoprovideprotectionfortrucksafetyofpeopleandvehicles.Keywords:Truck,Drumbrake,Temperatureofdrumbrake,Early-warning目录中文摘要...........................................................Ⅰ英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅱ第1章绪论．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11.1选题背景.......................................................1.1.1我国营运载货汽车安全现状......................................1.1.2研究背景及意义................................................1.2国内外研究现状..................................................1.3课题主要研究内容及目的.........................................1.3.1课题研究的主要内容............................................1.3.2课题研究的主要目的...........................................第2章载货汽车制动器热衰退的研究.................................2.1载货汽车制动器热衰退产生的原因..............................2.2载货汽车制动器热衰退的影响因素.............................2.2.1连续制动对制动器热衰退的影响............................2.2.2摩擦材料对制动器热衰退的影响............................2.2.3制动器温升对制动器热衰退的影响.......................2.3本章小结.................................................第3章制动器温度对制动性能的影响研究..............................3.1鼓式制动器生热与散热研究...................................3.1.1制动器生热与散热过程.....................................3.1.2制动器摩擦热的确定......................................3.2制动器制动温度最高点的位置分析...........................3.3制动器热衰退失效温度范围................................3.4本章小结................................................第4章载货汽车制动器热衰退报警系统研究.....................4.1监测及预警系统概述....................................4.2温度监测及预警系统概述...................................4.3速度监测及预警系统概述..................................4,4本章小结第5章载货汽车制动器温度监测及预警系统设计5.1传感器的选取..............................................5.2温度数据的采集..............................................5.3车载终端类型选择............................................5.4监测及预警系统软件方案设计..................................5.4.1软件系统功能定义..........................................5.4.2单片机电路系统设计........................................5.5摩擦衬片温度监测技术实施方案...............