基于51单片机的自动往返小车设计刘桐

忻州师范学院计算机系本科毕业（设计）论文二零一六年五月课题名称基于51单片机的自动往返小车设计专业网络工程姓名刘桐学号201208511025指导教师胡国华2目录1引言..........................................................................................................................21.1开发或研究背景及现状.....................................................................................21.2本人主要工作.....................................................................................................31.3论文组织与结构.................................................................................................32系统方案及论证分析.............................................................................................42.1小车车体选择......................................................................................................42.2主控单片机选择.................................................................................................42.3电机选择...........................................................................................................52.4电源选择...........................................................................................................52.5显示设计...........................................................................................................63自动往返小车硬件设计...........................................................................................73.1总体设计..............................................................................................................73.2信号检测模块...................................................................................................73.3主控电路...........................................................................................................83.4电机驱动电路.....................................................................................................94系统软件设计.........................................................................................................94.1KEIL编程软件介绍............................................................................................94.2主程序模块.........................................................................................................94.3电机驱动程序....................................................................................................114.4循迹程序...........................................................................................................124.5系统程序的烧录.............................................................................................134.6PROTEUS..........................................................................................................145测试结果分析.......................................................................................................156结论........................................................................................................................177结束语......................................................................................................................18致谢.....................................................................................................................19参考文献.....................................................................................................................20忻州师院计算机系本科学士学位论文5基于51单片机的自动往返小车设计摘要：自动往返小车，是一种以电子汽车技术为背景，包含小车控制、传感技术、电子技术、计算机、机械等多学科的科技创意性设计。主要组成模块有以下几部分：路径识别、行驶时间控制及车速管制等模块组成。该设计以51单片机为唯一主要控制模块，充分利用了自动检测技术、单片机最小系统、模块电路，以及声光信号的管控、电机的驱动电路。通过51单片机的仿真，通过实践调试与操作，实现小车在直线上的自动往返设计。综合应用单片机技术、自动控制理论、检测技术等。使小车能在无人操作情况下，借助传感器辨认路面环境，由单片机主控行进，完成初步的无人控制。本设计以单片机为核心，附以外围电路，采用光电检测器进行检测信号实现小车的自动加速、和循线运动。运用单片机的运算和处理能力来加速、减速、急刹车、掉头、返回、显示行驶路程、行驶时间等智能控制系统。关键词：51单片机、检测技术、自动Abstract：Automaticcarbackandforth,itisakindofelectronicautomotivetechnologyasthebackground,containingthecarcontrol,sensortechnology,electronictechnology,computer,machinery,andothermulti-disciplinaryscienceandtechnologycreativedesign.Maincompositionmodulehasthefollowingseveralparts:pathidentification,timecontrol,speedcontrolmodule,etc.With51single-chipmicrocomputerasthemaincontrolmoduleforthedesign,makefulluseoftheautomaticdetectiontechnology,modulecircuit,singlechipmicrocomputerminimumsystem,aswellastheacousto-opticsignalcontrol,themotordrivecircuit.By51MCUsimulation,debuggingandthroughpracticeoperation,fromdesigntorealizeautomaticcaronastraightline.Integratedapplicationofsingle-chipcomputertechnology,automaticcontroltheory,detectingtechnology,etc.Canmakethecarinthecaseofunattendedoperation,withtheaidofsensorstoidentifytheroadenvironment,bysingle-chipmicrocomputercontrol,completepreliminarywithoutcontrol.Thisdesignwiththesinglechipprocessorasthecore,attachedtotheperipheralcircuit,adoptingphotoelectricdetectorfortestingsignaltoachievetheautomaticacceleration,andfollowedthemovementofthecar.Usingsinglechipmicrocomputeroperationandprocessingpowertoacceleration,deceleration,brakes,turnaround,return,showtheintelligentcontrolsystemsuchastravel,traveltime.Keywords：51single-chipmicrocomputer,automaticdetectiontechnology基于51单片机的自动往返小车设计1引言伴随着现代汽车行业的飞速发展，作为汽车的电子控制系统也势必得到更大的发展机会，以满足人们对汽车的安全性、智能化的要求，本文对自动往返小车控制系统的研究是对一些问题的初步思考。自动往返小车是一个集环境感知、规划