基于AT89C51单片机的火灾报警器

四川师范大学成都学院课程设计报告I火灾报警器内容摘要：多少年来，火灾一直是人们所遭遇的最主要灾害之一，曾对人类的文明造成了重大破坏，许多著名的建筑大都毁于火灾。由火灾引发的重大安全事故比比皆是，所以人类一直也未停止过对它的研究。本文介绍了一种适用于多种公共场所的基于单片机火灾报警系统。本系统以AT89C51为主控制器，DS18B20温度传感器为感温器件，离子感烟传感器为感烟元件，将烟雾和温度等信号转化为可检测的电信号。然后将传感器输出的电信号送入A/D转换电路,完成烟雾传感器和温度传感器输出的模拟信号到数字信号的转换，再由单片机判断现场是否发生火灾。若发生火灾，系统会驱动蜂鸣器和LED指示灯报警。该系统主要由烟感数据采集模块、单片机控制模块、驱动声光报警模块组成，采用高性能的单片机芯片为核心和高灵敏度的离子感烟传感器和温度传感器，而且利用声音和指示灯两种报警形式进行报警提示，大大的提高了系统的精确性和可靠性。关键词：火灾报警器离子感烟探测器AT89C51单片机DS18B20FireAlarmAbstract:Formanyyears,firewaspeopleencounteredthemaindisasters,hadtohumancivilizationcausedmajordamage.Manyfamousbuildingsmostlydestroyedinthefire.Amajorsafetyaccidentcausedbyafirecanbefoundeverywhere,sohumanbeingshaveneverstoppedstudyingit.Thispaperintroducesakindoffirealarmsystembasedonsinglechipmicrocomputer,whichissuitableformanykindsofpublicplaces.ThesystemtakestheAT89C51asthemaincontroller,andtheDS18B20temperaturesensorisatemperaturesensor,theionsensorisasensor,andthesignalcanbeconvertedintoadetectablesignal.ThenthesensoroutputoftheelectricalsignalintotheA/Dconversioncircuit,completethesmokesensorandtemperaturesensoroutputanalogsignaltodigitalsignalconversion,andthenbythemicrocontrollertodeterminewhetherthesceneoffire.Ifafireoccurs,thesystemwilldrivethebuzzerand四川师范大学成都学院课程设计报告IILEDindicatoralarm.Thesystemmainlybythesmokesensedatacollectionmodule,MCUcontrolmodule,drivethesoundandlightalarmmodule,asthecoreandhighsensitivityofionsmokesensorandtemperaturesensorwithhighperformancesinglechip,andtheuseofsoundandtheindicatorlamptwotypesofalarm,alarm,greatlyimprovetheaccuracyandreliabilityofthesystem.Keywords:firealarmsmokedetectorAT89C51MCUDS18B20四川师范大学成都学院课程设计报告III目录1绪论................................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景.........................................................................................11.2国内外火灾报警器研究历史...............................................................................................11.3火灾报警技术的发展趋势...................................................................................................32火灾报警器系统总体方案设计.....................32.1火灾产生的原理...................................................................................................................42.2系统设计要求.......................................................................................................................43系统硬件设计...................................53.1烟感传感器..........................................................................................................................53.1.1烟感传感器选择.......................................................................................................53.1.2离子式感烟探测器介绍...........................................................................................53.2温度传感器..........................................................................................................................63.2.1温度传感器选择.......................................................................................................63.2.2DS18B20工作原理....................................................................................................63.2.3DS18B20特性.............................................................................................................73.2.4DS18B20注意事项....................................................................................................83.3单片机芯片的选择...............................................................................................................83.3.1AT89C51简介............................................................................................................93.3.2AT89C51管脚功能说明..........................................................................................104火灾报警器软件实现与调试......................114.1信号处理电路......................................................................................................................114.2声光报警电路......................................................................................................................124.2.1声报警电路.............................................................................................................124.2.2光报警电路.............................................................................................................134.3系统调试............................................................................................................................134.3.1编程KEIL环境介绍...............................................................................................134.3.2调试步骤.................................................................................................................145结束语........................................15参考文献........................................16四川师范大学成都学院课程设计报告1火灾报警器1绪论1.1课题研究背景进入上世纪90年代后，我国经济步入高速发展的时期，城市化建设不断加快，城市建筑也由分散式低密度向集中式高密度过渡，林立的高层建筑成了城市的主要的标志。任何事物的发展都具有两面性，高层建筑中各种通讯线路、动力和照明线路、以及各种系统中线路纵横交错，还有现代人类大量使用煤气、天然气，甚至是烟花等火灾隐患致使火灾的发生概率也在大幅增加。火灾是一种在时空上失去控制的燃烧所引发的灾害，加之现代建筑的密闭性较强，一旦发生火灾，整幢大楼就像一个大的火炉，而楼梯道、各种通风管道、线路竖井都是效果