基于单片机带温度补偿的超声波测距设计报告

I基于单片机的超声波测距设计报告摘要:超声波具有指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，传播距离较远等优点，所以，在利用传感器技术和自动控制技术相结合的测距方案中，超声波测距是目前应用最普遍的一种，他广泛应用于防盗、倒车雷达、水位测量、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场。本课题详细介绍了超声波传感器的原理和特性，以及STC公司的STC89C52的单片机的性能和特点，并在分析了超声波测距的原理的基础上，指出了设计测距系统的不足并加以改进，将温度引起的误差考虑在内并且加以修正，给出了以STC89C52单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、液晶显示超声波测距系统的硬件电路和软件设计方法。该系统电路设计合理、工作稳定、性能良好、检测速度快、计算简单并且做到了可设计报警范围的功能,在测量精度方面能达到工业使用的要求。关键词：单片机；液晶显示；报警；测距UltrasonicdistancemeasurementbasedonsinglechipAbstract:Ultrasoundhasastrongpoint,theenergyconsumptionoftheslowspreadoftheadvantagesofdistance,sotheuseofsensortechnologyandautomaticcontroltechnology,theprogramcombinesdistance,ultrasonicdistancemeasurementisthemostcommonone,andhewidelyusedinsecurity,parkingsensor,waterlevelmeasurement,constructionsitesandsomeindustrialsites.Thissubjectintroducestheprinciplesandcharacteristicsofultrasonicsensors,andmicrocontrollerSTC89C52STC'sperformanceandcharacteristics,andtheanalysisoftheultrasonicdistancemeasurementbasedontheprinciplethatthelackofdesignrangingsystemandmakeimprovements,willintoaccounttheerrorduetotemperatureandshouldbeamendedtoSTC89C52givenlow-costmicrocontrollerasthecore,high-accuracy,liquidcrystaldisplayultrasonicrangingsystemofhardwareandsoftwaredesignmethods.Thesystemcircuitdesignisreasonable,stable,goodperformance,fastdetectionofsimplecalculationandcanbedesignedtoachievethealarmrangeoffunctionstoachieveprecisioninthemeasurementrequirementsforindustrialuse.Keywords:microcontroller;LCDdisplay;alarm;ranging目录1绪论.............................................................................................................51.1研究的背景.............................................................................................................51.2研究的主要内容......................................................................................................51.3应解决的关键问题..................................................................................................52电路方案论证...............................................................................................52.1方案比较..................................................................................................................52.1.1激光测距..........................................................................................................................52.1.2超声波测距......................................................................................................................62.2电路总体方案..........................................................................................................63单片机概述....................................................................................................73.1STC89C52主要性能...............................................................................................73.2STC89C52外部结构及特性...................................................................................73.3STC89C52内部组成...............................................................................................84超声波测距模块.........................................................................................104.1超声波传感器介绍...............................................................................................104.2HC-SR04超声波测距模块的性能特点...............................................................114.3HC-SR04的管脚排列和电气参数.......................................................................124.3.1管脚简介........................................................................................................................124.3.2HC-SR04的电气参数....................................................................................................124.4超声波时序图........................................................................................................125系统硬件电路设计......................................................................................145.1单片机最小系统..................................................................................................145.1.1STC89C52芯片..............................................................................................................145.1.2复位电路........................................................................................................................145.1.3晶振电路........................................................................................................................155.2驱动显示电路及报警电路...................................................................................165.2.11602LCD液晶显示屏.................................................................................................165.2.2蜂鸣器报警....................................................................................................................175.3HC-RS04超声波测距原理...................................................................................185.45V稳压电路..........................................................................................................195.5温度检测电路........................................................................................................195.5.1温度检测方案的分析....................................