八年级英语语法专练

-1-八年级重点语法专项讲练（培优专用）(八上)重点语法简单句的五种基本类型简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分都有词或词组担任。1.主语+不及物动词（S+vi.）。例如：Heswimswell.他游泳游得很好。Thechildrenareplaying.孩子们正在玩。注意：有些不及物动词之后可以加上一个介词或副词构成动词短语。这时，这个动词短语可以接宾语。例如：Heiswaitingforme.他正在等我。Pleaselookattheblackboard.请看黑板。2.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+vt.+O）。例如：WespeakEnglish.我们会说英语。HeiswatchingTVnow.现在他正在看电视。3.主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）。例如：Thebikeisnew.这辆自行车是新的。Shefeltworried.她感到担心。注意：be是常见的连系动词，除be之外，能够用作连系动词的词还有：look,taste,sound,seem,feel,smell,become,grow,get,turn等。4.主语+及物动词.+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+vt.+IO+DO）。例如：Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.她把她所有的图画都拿给她的朋友看。Heboughtmeanewbike.他给我买了一辆新的自行车。注意：“直接宾语+间接宾语”又叫双宾语。表示人的名词或代词称为间接宾语，而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时，在间接宾语之前应该加介词to或for。例如：Pleasegivemeapen.=Pleasegiveapentome.请给我一支钢笔。Mymotherboughtmeapairofshoes.=Mymotherboughtapairofshoesforme.我的妈妈给我买了一双鞋。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+vt.+O+C）。例如：Wecankeepitwarm.我们会保持它温暖。LinTaoaskedhisfathertobuyanewbag.林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包。LingFengmadethebabystopcrying.凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭。注意：1）能够作宾语补足语的结构常是：动词不定式，现在分词（短语），过去分词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语等。2）在动词see,watch,hear,feel,let,make等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时，应该省略不定式标志to。单项选择：a.S+Vb.S+V+Oc.S+V+Pd.S+V+IO+DOe.S+V+O+C1.DannyspeaksEnglish.______2.Mumboughtmeanewbike._______3.Everyonelaughed..4.Ifelthungry..5.Hehelpedmedomyhomework..非谓语动词①动词原形：1.Let/make/helpsb.dosth.(让/使得/帮助某人做某事)2.hear/see/notice/watchsb.dosth.(dosth强调这个动作的全过程，意味着已经过去或经常进行)3.Whynotdosth?(为什么不做某事？)4.hadbetter(not)dosth.(最好(不)做某事)5.Will/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth?(请你(不)做某事好吗?)1.Thehospitalisveryfarfromhere.You'dbetter________(catch)abus.2.Ihearyouboughtanewwatch,Letme________(have)alookatyourwatch.3.Jimtoldusafunnystoryandthestorymadeus_________(laugh).4.Theproblemisveryhard,Whynot_____(ask)theteacherforhelp?5.It'stimeforclass,Wouldyouplease______(keep)quiet?()6.---Willyouplease______at7o'clock?---Yes,Iwill.A.towakemeupB.towakeupmeC.wakemeupD.wakeupme()7.Thisisanewword.why______inthedictionary.A.notlookupitB.notlookitupC.don'tyoulookupitD.bothBandC()8.Don'tmakeme_____thisorthat.I'mtoobusy!A.todoB.doingC.doD.done9.---MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?---Sorry,You'dbetter_______itlikethat.A.nottodoB.notdoC.don’tdoD.notdoto()10.---DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?---Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing②动名词:动名词既具有名词的特征，在句子中既可做主语、表语、宾语和定语，又保留了动词的功能，可以有自己的宾语和状语而构成动名词短语。动名词的形式是：动词加ing。当动名词在句子中作主语时，其谓语动词必须用单数形式。动名词的用法：(1)作主语：用于表示的是泛指的而不是一次性的动作。动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语。如：Playingfootballinthestreetisverydangerous.=Itisverydangeroustoplayfootballinthestreet.Readingbooksinbedisbadforoureyes.(2)作宾语。如：Manybusinessmenenjoyplayinggolfandtennis.主要结构有：like/enjoydoingsth.(喜欢做某事);finishdoingsth.(做完某事);prasticedoingsth(练习作做某事);havefundoingsth.(做某事开心);keepsb.doingsth.(让某人持续做某事);giveupdoingsth.(放弃做某事);thanksfordoingsth.(感谢做某事);lookforwardtodoingsth.(渴望做某事);begoodat=dowellin(擅长做某事);-2-What/Howaboutdoingsth?(做某事怎么样?);spendsometime/moneyindoingsth.(花费时间/金钱做某事);;stopdoingsth.(停止做某事);needdoingsth.(需要做某事，物作主语);withoutdoingsth.(没有做某事)……(3)做表语。主要结构有：bebusydoing(忙于做）/Thenewtermiscoming.Thestudentsarebusycleaningtheclassroom.(4)做定语：Thereisashopsellingallkindsofthingsnearthetrainstation.(4)标识语：Nosmoking!(禁止吸烟！)Noparking!(禁止停车！)(5)去做某事：goswimming/shopping/fishing/skating/boating...A.填空1.Stop____(talk),please,Thefilmhasbegun.2.Canyoufinish_____(draw)apictureinfiveminutes?3.Mostofyoungpeopleenjoy______(sing)popsongs.4.---Can'tyouseethesignNo_________(smoke)?---Sorry,Ididn'tseeit.7.I'msorrytohavekeptyou_______(wait)foralongtime.8._____(do)morningexercisesisgoodforourhealth.10.Thedoctorisbusy______(operate)onthepatient.12.Theboywassoangrythathelefttheroomwithout________(say)aword.15.Mybikeisbroken,Itneeds_________(repair).16.---BobspeaksChinesequitewell.---Yes,sohedoes.Hepractices_____(speak)Chineseeveryday.17.Theyspentthewholedayin_________(visit)theirrelativesandfriends.18.JakeBoothisgoodat________(paint).19.---Whatabout________(fly)kitesafterschoolthisafternoon?---That’sagoodidea!20.---Wouldyouliketogo________(swim)withusthisSunday?---I’dloveto,butmyparentswon’tallowme.21.Ihavefun_______(play)thepianoafterschool.22.Maryislookingforwardto_____(visit)theGreatWalloneday.③动词不定式：没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，它还具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。它的形式是to+动词原形，否定式为notto+动词原形。要点结构：A.动词不定式可以直接做主语。但在英语中，常用it做形式主语,真正主语不定式放在后面，用It's+adj./n.+todosth.句型。如：Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisveryimportant.It’sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.B.不定式用在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。Myworkistocleanthestreeteveryday.C.做宾语补足语。可以带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有tell/ask/encourage/teach/advisesb.(not)todosth.还可以构成findit+adj+todosth.(it为形式宾语)D.做宾语：主要结构有wouldlike/hope/forget/remember/tryone'sbest/need/decide/agree/...todosth.E.做定语：不定式做定语须放在被修饰词的后面。如：Bequiet!Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thebesttimetoplanttreesisinspring.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.注意：如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。如：Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.Ihavenopentowritewith.F.做状语：①目的状语:如：TolearnEnglish,MissLiuwenttoEnglandin1997.Thestudentsweresotiredthattheyst