WTO农业谈判有关和平条款议题之分析

WTO247WTO*參易陸量量參WTO度拉勵勵行量不率來良不不*易行易論1248易行(PeaceClause)不行2003年1231臨不易契略說理理論六參理13(duerestraint)WTO復復綠藍若藍不行利利WTO249行年2003年1231行不易(a)(b)(c)綠1.13(a)行2(綠)不GATT16GATT2利GATT231(b)2.13(b)6(若量)(duerestraint)若1992年年度(marketingyear)數量GATT16156行GATT231(b)GATT行行3.13(c)356行參度易易論1250易GATTWTO1.GATT194763不領領()度勵1947年GATT度不理(1)16(2)6(3)3不行不(羅1999)16WTO立度2.()領3.拉(AgreementonSubsidiesandCountervailingMeasuresSCM)說列(1)金例金(2)不(3)(4)金令履行1-3(5)GATT199416(1)行(2)WTO251行(3)利(4)(劉2000)SCM(1)(2)利(3)SCM類(1)(prohibitedsubsidies)(exportperformance)兩類類律例例勵類易易不利SCM不論(2)(actionablesubsidies)不列(i)(ii)利(iii)利(3)不(non-actionablesubsidies)綠不例不利不不理度例行不若易SCM易論1252行若不SCM理WTO(DisputeSettlementBodyDSB)若DSBDSB(countermeasures)不兩類不(羅1999)不()不DSBSCM不類不若理(seriousadverseeffects)例復(tocausedamagewhichwouldbedifficulttorepair)行若60立若120論若六行度不易行理量行來行不WTO253類度濫易說兩GATT1947年利GATT63不領領()度GATT66(a)(positiveevidence)列(1)(2)立(3)度理不易不行行13WTO若SCM易論1254行度2003年WTO2004年度(legalsecurity)不令WTO力異理1.(G/AGA/NG/W/90)量諾行2.(G/AGA/NG/W/92)易不3.里(G/AGA/NG/W/96)WTO行4.度(G/AGA/NG/W/102)13例行易度年5.(G/AGA/NG/W/106)WTO不6.(G/AGA/NG/W/136)不不糧(FoodSecurity/DevelopmentBox)6.2WTO255不論勵不列例勵不不列不列AMS列不7.(G/AGA/NG/W/138)易(exportsubsidy)(domesticsubsidy)利利說念論()易ShDh若1易OBOAAB量易論12560DABCQ21SfDhFHGEdbacShS’h若SOCODDC利P2(a+b+c)(a+b)了(b+c+d)利(b+d)()若易量令SHEXDFIM易P1OBOAAB(=OC)若S勵P3P2(=P3+S)利(a+b+c)(a+b)了(b+c+d+e)利(b+d+e)e易惡利了fWTO257SHEX213abcdShS’hfSH'EXDFIM0A’ABB’Q0CDQeDh降利利勵若來利利勞不若數行率利若不利量利易惡來利略易(strategictradepolicy)更率利(profitshifting)(劉2002)說ShS降P3量OCOD易惡降利易論1258不PP2P1P30AA’BB’QShS’hDhPP1P30CDQSHEXSH'EXDFIM陸量量不行易不行識()年來322002年WTOWTO259不略2000年1/3不率73%年降66%不2003年例(冷)()()()(冷)(冷)(冷)略不便不力易不說不()易年74WTO利1/3來不1/2來2003年例(類)(料)類()()(類)WTO行度降年降烈說若金度若度易論1260()若不行說WTO立例例來WTO立2001年3料402000年112000年11來立立159543107742若利蘭蘭列不論禮不魯不論度律不了車車不不諾蘭量諾酪利利行例量不不行來度力量力量力不不論不WTO261()勵行(sovereignty)GATT/WTO易理念行度行不領來不來不易(更瑩1994)度降易SCM度()綠利若SCM力不行不不臨力異度行利不綠不留SCM不SCM不利列不綠易論1262更列不(六)度WTO度聯來不論()度參WTO更復行例WTO糖諾行不力2000/01年3973%聯糧量降10%26%樂(2004)里4,3001.7%索了12%1%寧兩拉30,100SCM參度WTO參識量切度參力力來利來WTO263()例1.GATT1947164GATT1624GATT不不易理率律不(羅1999)GATT若類1955年161955年1958年(standstill)1955年諾數1967年不了9年2.SCM274SCM274年若年年年行切理2756力立力力復(良2003)易論1264量參若不若理立了易(TradeNegotiationsCommittee,TNC)理易(WTOrules)(Marketaccess)易易(WTOrules)132003年識利行易行落不利量度例若不若WTO265參1.良(2003)WTO立2.更瑩(1994)WTO論5:211-2283.樂(2004)劉鶴(2000)易理福5.劉(2002)易理論葉廊6.羅(1999)易易論1266年年金19993,101,492()(冷)()()(冷)(冷)(冷)(34.27%)(28.10%)(11.44)20003,278,183()(冷)()()()(冷)(冷)(36.86%)(26.35%)(11.04%)20013,030,210()(冷)()()()(冷)(冷)(33.57%)(24.49%)(12.41%)20023,148,751()(冷)()()(冷)(冷)()(34.17%)(23.52%)(10.93%)20033,217,049(冷)()()()(冷)(冷)(冷)(37.43%)(18.69%)(10.04%)料來行易年年金19997,630,304(類)(料)類(葉)()()(33.70%)利(8.49%)(5.69%)20007,590,353(類)(料)類(葉)()()(33.63%)利(7.91%)(5.65%)20016,850,690(類)(料)類()()(葉)(35.26%)利(7.98%)(6.28%)20027,079,722(類)(料)類()(葉)()(33.55%)利(8.15%)(6.4%)20037,767,333(類)(料)類()()(類)(33%)利(6.79%)(6.78%)料來行易WTO267WTO立諸例WT/DS126/1(1)利不車HOWETCF車(EFS)HOWE(2)利TCFEFS利(3)HOWE(4)HOWE理利率(5)不SCM3WT/DS103/1(1)諾省(2)諾量64,500數量行理度SCM3GATT199421011348910123WT/DS113/1紐蘭諾省(”specialmilkclasses”)GATT199941138910WT/DS70省勵Bombardier六Embraer不利SCM3WT/DS46ProgramofFinancialExport(PROEX):Embraer(ERJ-145)利率年SCM327.427.5力WT/DS54,55,59,64(1)車(2)車率60%率車易論1268(3)車零(4)車車(5)(6)車車類車車SCM5(c)28.2GATT19941.12.23.23.410.3(a)TRIMs25.4TRIPS365.5WT/DS22律律律WTOGATTWT/DS142/1GATT199424DS139WT/DS139/1(1)行車(AutoPact)律數車車零路(2)(i)(CVA)(ii)SCM3GATT19941.13.424TRIMs2GATS2617WT/DS138/1(1)來(BSC)年ExpensingAllocation1994年UntiedEngineeringSteelsLtd.(UES)1.69%1995年113202.4%(2)BSC1996年BritishSteelplc/BritishSteelEngineeringSteelsLTD.BSplc/BSESSCM1.1(b)利10GATT1994六14利金19.4不金WT/DS108/1(1)FSC易例exportproperty例WTO269(2)FSC不SCM3.1(a)(b)38910WT/DS194/1數量降力SCM1.11011171932.132.5WTO16.4WT/DS194/1律律車(MotorVehicleDevelopmentProgram;“MVDP”)率車零車率SCM3.1(b)GATT19943.43.511.1TRIMs2.12.2WT/DS194/1ExportDevelopmentCorporationEDCCanadaAccountEDCIndustryCanada北省SCM1SCM3SCM13WT/DS222/1DSB行不SCMSection129(c)(1)oftheURAAtheStatementofAdministrativeActionDSBDSB行不DSB理SCM103619.219.45121.132.132.232.332.5DSU21.3GATT19946AD19.311.118.1-412WTO16.4WT/DS218/1(1)利利來易論1270cut-to-lengthplate年落來例例(2)不SCM來WTOSCMSCM1.1(b)1014192111.9WT/DS213/1DOC2000年82USFederalRegisterNo.65FR47407(corrosion-resistantcarbonsteelflat)落1%SCMSCM1011.92121.3WT/DS212/1DOC“changeinownership”率不SCMSCM101921WT/DS206/1度度度列不WT/DS172/1(1)SextantAvionique14年理FMS(2)SCM1356GATT199423SCM5(b)WT/DS173/1DS172WT/DS167/1(1)1998年1122(LIVECATTLE)行(2)SCMDOC來(3)律不SCM金量(4)”duerestraint”SCM121011.1-11.513.113WT/DS147/1(1)度令6(MITI)年理(2)”LawconcerningSpecialfiscalMeasures”15金WTO271SCM61(6)3(5)(g)(h)(i)(j)WT/DS145/11996年1023wheatgluten行1998年723SCM18SCM11.1110WT/DS131/1立50%來立SCM3WT/DS130/1蘭蘭易蘭易率SCM3WT/DS129/1臘臘例SCM3WT/DS128/1蘭蘭13SCM3WT/DS127/1利利錄理40SCM3WT/DS112/1魯魯不SCM1113.1WT/DS104/1諾酪SCM3891011WT/DS97/1利利行SCM11.211.311.4WT/DS71WT/DS70不利SCM5不利易論1272WT/DS81/1易LawNo.9440of14March1997LawNo.9449of14March1997DecreeNo.1987of20August1996SCM327.4TRIMs2GATT1.13.4GATT23.1(b)SCM5WT/DS65DS52DS52利SCM327.4TRIMs2GAT