古建筑词汇

宫palace殿hall亭pavilion台platformtower楼buildingtower阁towerattic刹temple坛thetempleoftheheaven龛shrine庙taoisttemple寺temple庵nunnery观taoisttemple河moat斋study庄store/shop/village馆mansion/guesthouse/museum坞shelter轩veranda/pavilion水榭paviliononthewater角楼watchtower鼓楼drumtower钟楼clocktower古代钟楼belltower牌楼memorialarch屏风screen壁画murals塔（舍利塔式的）dagoba塔（宝塔式的）pagoda寺院monastery中国古建史名词中英文对照中国古建史名词中英文对照（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）1、中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storiedbuilding阁pavilion廊colonnade榭paviliononterrace水榭watersidepavilion轩windowedveranda民居folkhouse四合院courtyardhouse寨stockadedvillage舫boathouse阙que,watchtower牌楼pailou,decoratedgateway华表huabiao,ornamentalpillar塔pagoda硬山flushgableroof悬山overhanginggableroof歇山gableandhiproof庑殿hiproof四阿hiproof卷棚roundridgeroof重檐doubleeaveroof攒尖pyramidalroof园攒尖roundpavilionroof大木woodenstructure大式woodenframewithdougong小式woodenframewithoutdougong大木作carpentrywork小木作joinerywork抬梁式构架postandlintelconstruction穿斗式构架columnandtieconstruction井干式构架logcabinconstruction檐柱eavecolumn金柱hypostylecolumn内槽柱hypostylecolumn唐代术语内柱hypostylecolumn宋代术语山柱centercolumn角柱cornercolumn唐、宋术语瓜柱shortcolumn脊瓜柱kingpost蜀柱kingpost宋代术语雷公柱suspendedcolumn帐杆suspendedcolumn宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shapedcolumn宋代术语角背bracket由戗invertedV-shapedbrace*手chashou,invertedV-shapedbrace宋代术语柁墩woodenpier驼峰tuofeng,camel-humpshapedsuport宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescentbeam三架梁3-purlinbeam平梁3-purlinbeam宋代术语四架梁4-purlinbeam五架梁5-purlinbeam四椽袱5-purlinbeam宋代术语六架梁6-purlinbeam七架梁7-purlinbeam六椽袱7-purlinbeam宋代术语九架梁9-purlinbeam八椽袱9-purlinbeam宋代术语单步梁one-stepcrossbeam双步梁two-stepcrossbeam挑尖梁mainaisleexposedtiebeam乳袱rufu,beamtie宋代术语抱头梁baotoubeam穿插枋penetratingtie角梁hiprafer（木行）purlin(usedwithdougong)大式檩purlin(usedwithoutdougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊（木行）ridgedpurlin大式脊檩ridgedpurlin小式脊抟ridgedpurlin宋代术语金（木行）intermediatepurlin大式金檩intermediatepurlin小式上中平抟intermediatepurlin宋代术语老檐（木行）purlinonhypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eavepurlin大式檐檩eavepurlin小式下平抟eavepurlin宋代术语额枋architrave(usedwithdougong)大式檐枋architrave(usedwithdougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushionboard大式檐垫板cushionboard小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridgetiebeam上金枋upperpurlintiebeam下金枋lowerpurlintiebeam老檐枋eavetiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eavetiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽toprafter脑椽upperrafter花架椽intermediaterafter檐椽eaverafter飞檐椽flyingrafter飞子flyingrafter宋代术语连檐eaveedging瓦口tileedging颔版tileedging宋代术语举架raisingthepurlin举析raisingthepurlin宋代术语步架horizontalspacingbetweenpurlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortiseofcapblock斗拱dougong,bracketset斗dou,bracketset升blockwithcrossmortise大斗capblock栌斗capblock宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flowerarm,petal华拱flowerarm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子centerblock齐心斗centerblock宋代术语三才升smallblock十八斗connectionblock交互斗connectionblock宋代术语正心拱axialbracketarm泥道拱axialbracketarm宋代术语瓜拱ovalarm瓜子拱ovalarm宋代术语万拱longarm慢拱longarm宋代术语厢拱regulararm令拱regulararm宋代术语单材拱outer-sidebracketarm撑头smalltie-beam枋smalltie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒setofbracket柱头科bracketsetoncolumns柱头铺作bracketsetoncolumns宋代术语平身科bracketsetsbetweencolumns补间铺作bracketsetsbetweencolumns宋代术语角科bracketsetoncorner转角铺作bracketsetoncorner宋代术语出extensionofbracket出跳extensionofbracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrowbrace搏缝板gableeaveboard搏缝版gableeaveboard宋代术语木装修joiner'swork外檐装修exteriorfinishwork内檐装修interiorfinishwork框槛doorframe槛stud抱框jambondoororwindow格栅partitiondoor抹头windowstool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sillwallwindow榻板windowsill支摘窗removablewindow门枕doorbearing门簪decorativecylinder门跋doorknocker门钉decorativenailsondoorleaf门枕石bearingstone抱鼓石drum-shapedbearingstone天花ceiling帽儿梁latticeframing支条latticeframing井口天花compartmentceiling海墁天花flatceiling藻井caissonceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antiqueshelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eavewall廊墙partitionwall扇面墙horizontalpartitionwall隔断墙verticalpartitionwall槛墙sillwall樨头gablewallhead挑檐石cantileverstoneoneave五花山墙steppedgablewall拔磉corbel,hangingover叠涩corbel,hangingover宋代术语角柱石cornerpier阶条石rectangularstoneslab压阑石rectangularstoneslab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediatepier垂带droopingbeltstone副子droopingbeltstone宋代术语象眼triangularspace御路yulu,imperialpath羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upperfilletandfascia下枋lowerfilletandfascia上袅uppercyma,recta下袅lowercyma,reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏singlefriezebalustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏doublefriezebalustrade望柱baluster望柱头balustercapital栏版friezepanel华版friezepanel地伏plinthstone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capitalstone柱础columnbase踬zhi碑碣stonetablet***屃bixi,stoneturtle宋及宋前术语趺fu,stoneturtle清代术语石像生stoneanimal石人stonehumanstatue筒瓦roundtile板瓦flattile青瓦blacktile脊瓦ridgetile琉璃瓦glazedrooftile勾头eavetile滴水driptile瓦当tileend,eavetilewithpattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊mainridge垂脊diagonalridgeforhiproof,verticalridgeforgableroof戗脊diagonalridgeforgableandhiproof博脊horizontalridgeforgableandhiproof仙人celestialbeing走兽animal砖雕brickcarving彩画coloredpattern,coloreddrawing苏式彩画Suzhoustylepattern旋子彩画tangentcirclepattern和玺彩画dragonspattern天花彩画ceilingpattern箍头endportionofpaintedbeam藻头intermediateportionofpaintedbeam枋心centralportionofpaintedbeam点金goldpointing退晕colorchange沥粉embossedpainting贴金goldfoilpainting