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名词中考语法名词概述名词表示人、事物、地点、现象或抽象概念等的名称。如:teacher,desk,England,love等考点分布(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格考点梳理考点一名词的分类专有名词第一个字母大写,前面不加the人名如:Thomas,UncleBob国家、地名、河流、山川名如:China,Paris,Qifeng团体、机构名称如:CambridgeUniversity时间名、节假日名称如:June,Sunday,Christmas第一个字母大写,前面加the由普通名词构成的专有名词如:theGreatWall考点梳理考点一名词的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词,表示某类人或事物中的个体如:pen,worker集体名词,表示若干个体组成的集合体如:family,class,team不可数名词物质名词,表示无法分为个体的物质或实物如:water,time,air抽象名词,表示品质、状态、感情等抽象的概念如:happiness,honesty(诚实)考点梳理注意:有些名词既可做可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:名词用作可数用作不可数名词用作可数用作不可数paper试卷,报纸纸light灯光glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉orange橘子橘子汁考点梳理【考点精练】()1.____ismadeof_____.〔2014菏泽〕A.glass;glassB.Aglass;glassC.Glasses;glassesD.Aglass;glasses()2.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples()3.Ihavetwo_____andthreebottlesof_______here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges考点梳理考点二名词的数1.可数名词单复数的规则变化(表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词)变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-spen—pensdoctor—doctorsboy—boys2在以-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词后面加-esbus—busesdish—dishesbox—boxes3以-f或-fe结尾的名词将-f或-fe变为v再加-esknife—knivesleaf—leaveswolf—wolves直接加-sroof—roofsgulf—gulfs考点梳理变化规则例词4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加-esfactory—factoriescountry—countriesfamily—familiesstory—stories5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,只加-sboy—boysday—daystoy—toys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词加-es(中考常见4个)tomato—tomatoespotato—potatoeshero—heroesnegro—negroes(黑人)加-s(中考常见5个)photo—photosradio—radiospiano—pianoszoo—zooskilo—kilos考点梳理在平常的学习中我们可以用一些耳熟能详的顺口溜巧计一些东西,让杂乱的东西条理化,枯燥的东西趣味化。如:1.以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词变复数,常见词尾加-es的词有四个:即tomato,potato,hero,negro我们可以这样记:黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯【策略点播】考点梳理2.以f(e)结尾的名词变复数,需要把-f(e)改为v,再加-es常见的有9个,它们分别是:wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,self,life,half,leaf。可以这样记:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;(wife,knife,wolf,thief)躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。(shelf,self,life,half,leaf)注意:由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同。如:myself→ourselves【策略点播】考点梳理2.可数名词单复数的不规则变化表现形式例词1单复数形式相同sheep,fish,deer等以及汉语中的计量单位如jin,yuan,li等2只有复数形式glasses(眼镜),trousers,pants,shorts,clothes(衣服)3一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,staff4部分集体名词即可作单数(整体),也可作复数(成员)class,family,team,group,couple考点梳理表现形式例词5复数形式表示特别含义times(时代),papers(报纸),looks(外表),sands(沙滩),matters(礼貌)6改变名词中的元音字母man—men,woman—women;foot—feet,goose—geese,tooth—teeth;mouse—mice7词尾发生变化child—children;ox—oxen8合成名词主体名词变复数girlfriends,boystudents,pencil-boxes两部分都变复数womenteachers,mensingers考点梳理表现形式例词9表示国籍,即“某国人”单复数同形Chinese,Japanese,Swiss直接加-sGermans,Americans,Australians,Canadians,Indians-man,-woman结尾的,改为-men,-womenEnglishman—Englishmen,Frenchman—Frenchmen注意:有些名词虽然以-s结尾却表示单数,如:news,grass,physics,politics等考点梳理【考点精练】5.Tom’sfamily_______big.Tom’sfamily_____filmfans.(be)6.Theteamoften________(win)thematches.Afterwinning,theteam________(have)ashower.()7.Heis______________.A.anEnglishB.aEnglishmanC.aEnglishD.English()8.—AfterP.E.,Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—Whynotbuysome________todrink?〔2014达州〕A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teasisarewinshave考点梳理【考点精练】()9.Therearefifty________inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.〔2014安顺〕A.womanteachersB.womenteacherC.womanteacherD.womenteachers()10.Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry.〔2014黔西南〕A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg()11.A/An_______canusehisdrawingstotellaboutbeautifulmountains,theblueseaandmanyotherthings.〔2013德州〕A.actorB.scientistC.artistD.doctor考点梳理考点三名词的量1.可数名词的量可数名词的量可直接用“数字+名词的复数”表示,如:twoeggs,tenbooks2.不可数名词的量常见的不可数名词有:music,fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,practice,progress等。它们不能直接和表示数字的词或a/an连用,没有复数形式。但可以借助量词来表示数量,即“量词+名词”,如:apieceofpaper,aglassofwater,twobowlsofrice,fivecupsoftea考点梳理常用搭配:apieceofpaper/news/bread/meat/advice/information/chalk常见短语:abottleof,acupofcoffee,adropofwater,abagofrice,ablockofice,twopiecesof,apairof…3.可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式few,afew,many,several,a(large/small)numberof+可数名词little,alittle,much,alarge/smallamountof,agreatdealof+不可数名词some,any,plentyof,enough,alotof/lotsof+可数/不可数名词考点梳理【考点精练】()12.YesterdayfordinnerIhadapieceofbeef,vegetablesand_____.〔2014广州〕A.somericeB.afewriceC.alittlericesD.arice()13.In________time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.fewyearB.afewyears’C.fewyearsD.afewyear’s考点梳理【考点精练】()14.Webought________formymother’sbirthday.A.somemeatsB.somepiecesmeatC.apieceofmeatD.piecesofmeats()15.There’realotof________downthere,buthardlyany________.A.horse;peopleB.horses;peoplesC.cow;peopleD.sheep;people考点梳理考点四名词所有格(名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系)1.’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)情况构成方式运用举例单数名词加’smydad’sdog,Williams’pupils,Tom’scar以s结尾的复数名词加’theteachers’office,herparents’bedroom不以s结尾的复数名词加’sChildren’sDay,people’slife(人民的生活)表示两人共同拥有只在最后一个名词后加’sMaryandPeter’sdesk(两人共用的桌子)考点梳理情况构成方式运用举例表示两人各自拥有在各个名词后加’sMary’sandLucy’srooms(两人各自的房间)表示某人家、店铺等处所所有格后名词可以省略myaunt’s(house),intheshoe’s(shop)注意:表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,也可以用’s所有格。如:today’snewspaper今天的报纸theworld’sbiggestproblem世界最大的问题anhour’swalk/ride走路/开车一小时的路程eightdays’holiday=aneight-dayholiday八天的假期考点梳理【考点精练】()16.—Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?—No,it’smy_________.Heleftittherejustnow.〔2014长沙〕A.brotherB.brother’sC.brothers’()17.Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.〔2013青海〕A.JennyandMaria’sB.Jenny’sandMariaC.Jenny’sandMaria’s考点梳理【考点精练】()18.—Howfarisyourhomefromschoo
本文标题:名词及其考点.
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