国外城市化实践对我国的启示

西安邮电学院学年论文题目：国外城市化实践对我国的启示系别：经济与管理学院经济学系专业：国际经济与贸易班级：国贸0902学生姓名：谢君涛学号：07092069导师姓名：霍建英起止时间：2011年10月24日至2011年11月06日指导教师评语学生姓名谢君涛指导教师霍建英职称讲师系别经济学系专业国际经济与贸易题目国外城市化实践对我国的启示指导教师评语目录摘要············································································································ⅠAbstract······································································································Ⅱ1引言··········································································································12我国城市化现状及存在问题································································12.1我国城市化现状················································································12.2我国城市化存在的问题·······································································23国外城市化以及对我的启示································································33.1英国的城市化····················································································33.2美国的城市化····················································································43.3德国的城市化………………………………………………………………………….43.4韩国的城市化····················································································53.5拉丁美洲的城市化实践······································································63.6对我国的启示····················································································64我国城市化发展策略············································································84.1加快中西部城市化进程·······································································84.2统筹城乡发展····················································································84.3推进城市化模式由行政主导向市场主导、政府引导转变·······················84.4加快中小城市的发展…………………………………………………………………..94.5重视城市病的治理··············································································95结论·········································································································9参考文献···································································································10国外城市化实践对我国的启示I摘要城市化是工业化的产物，是社会进步的标志。1978年以后，我国开始大规模的城市化建设，发展至今已经取得了一定的成就，城市化水平达到56%，初步形成珠三角、长三角、环渤海区三大城市群。尽管如此，由于我国的城市化没有一个渐进的过程，在城市化过程中不免出现地区发展不平衡、城市病端倪初露、城市管理水平低等一系列问题。从国外的城市化实践来看，城市化是一个渐进的过程，不是简单的人口转移，社会经济的发展是城市化的主要动力，因而城市化必须与经济协调发展。在城市化的过程中要注意控制城市规模，变更城市建设观念，建设卫星城镇，分散城市中心城市人口压力。我国的城市化还正处于上升阶段，必须加快中西部城市建设步伐，统筹城乡发展；遵循城市发展规律，推进城市化模式由行政主导向市场主导、政府引导转变；控制大城市规模，加快中小城市发展。强化政府职能，重视城市病的防治。以期我国的城市化达到一个更高的水平。关键词：城市化城市群卫星城城市化实践城市病国外城市化实践对我国的启示IIAbstractUrbanization,theproductofindustrialization,isasignofsocialprogress.Since1978,Chinahasbeganlarge-scaleurbanization.Sofar,wehaveachievedsomesu-ccessthatthelevelofurbanizationhasreached56%andhasformedthePearlRiverDelta,YangtzeRiverDelta,Bohaithreebigcitygroups.Asoururbanizationisnotagradualprocess,Intheprocessofurbanization,thereareseriesofinevitableproblemssuchasurbandiseaseandImbalanceinregionaldevelopment.Fromthepracticeofforeign’urbanization，Urbanizationisagradualprocessnotasimpletransferofpopulation.Thedevelopmentofsocialeconomyisthemainpowerofurbanizationsourbanizationmustbebasedonthefoundationoftheeconomicdevelopment.Intheprocessofurbanizationwemustcontrolthesizeofcity.Changetheurbanconstructi-ructionidea,constructionsatellitetown,scatteredthepressureofthecentercitypop-ulation.China'surbanizationisatarisingstage,wemustspeedupthepaceofthewesturbanconstru--tion.Followingthelawofdevelopment,changethemodeofurbanizationfromgo-vernmentguidanceintomarketguidance.Controlthesizeoflargecities,tospeedupthedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedcities.Strengt-heningthefunctionsofthegovernment,payattentiontothepreventingandcontro-llingtheurbandisease.Wishoururbanizationreachahighlevel.KeyWords:UrbanizationUrbanizationgroupsSatellitecityUrbanizationpracticeUrbandisease国外城市化实践对我国的启示11引言城市化是指人口和他从事的产业活动在空间上的积聚，人们从分散的乡村转变为积聚的城镇人口这一过程。城市化是社会生产力发展到一定阶段，农村人口转化为非农村人口，人口向城镇集聚，农村地区转化为城镇地区，城镇数量增加的过程。城市化是工业化产物，是人类社会化的一个必然趋势。我国具有现代意义的城市化源于19世纪中叶，一百年来，我国的城市化经历了一个漫长而曲折的过程。早期的城市化主要发生在一些通商口岸那时的城市化发展异常缓慢。1949年——1978年这一阶段我国实行严格的城乡户口管制，严格控制人口流动，到了六七十年代大规模的上山下乡活动大批城市人口流向农村，城市化水平不进反退。1978年至今我国开始放松城乡户口管制，实行计划经济，允许农民城。城市人口开始剧增，城市数目成爆发式增长。我国的城市化没有一个渐进的过程，导致了很多问题。相较而言，其它国家很早就完成了城市化，他们的城市化水平要远高于我国。他们在城市化的道路上给了我们更多的经验供我们吸取学习。2我国城市化现状及存在问题自改革开放以来，我国开始放松对城乡户口的管制，并开始实行市场经济，大规模的乡村人群进入城镇，城市化进程加速。经过三十多年的城镇化建设，我国的城市化建设已经达到了一定的成就。2.1我国城市化现状2.1.1城市发展速度快党的十一届三中全会以来，随着对内改革，对外开放的一系列政策措施的实施，我国城市的建设与发展同国民经济一样进入了生机旺盛的时期。我国的城市化骤然加速。改革开放前我国的城市化水平仅为19.9%，2010年的城市化水平预计为50%，三十年增加了三十个百分点，平均每年增长一个百分点，这在同等经济水平条件下的发达是不多见的。同时城市化数目从1978年的192个增加到如今的668个，其中百万以上大城市166个，城市人口从1978年的17245万人增加到现在的5.9亿人，城市人口数量增加了近乎三十倍。2.1.2中小城市迅速崛起中小城市是指市区常住人口100万以下的城市，近年来，我国开始大力发展县镇企业，大量的乡村人口开始涌入城镇，中小城市迅速发展。2010年《中小城市绿皮书》近日发布，指出中国成建制的城市668个，其中地级以上287国外城市化实践对我国的启示2个，县级建制市368个。在287个地级以上城市中，有162个城市属于中小城市。就全国而言我国的中小城市数量大2160个，占全国的城市数量的56%。2.1.3初步形成了三大城市群城市群是指城市发展到成熟阶段的最高空间组织形式，是在地域上集中分布的若干城市和特大城市集聚而成的庞大的、多核心、多层次城市集团，是大都市的联合体。经过三十多年的经济建设，我国在沿海初步形成了珠三角、长三角、环渤海三大城市群。2.2我国城市化存在的问题尽管三十年来我国的城市化成就斐然，然而我国的城市化没有一个渐进的过程，在城市化的过程中出现了一些问题没有及时得到解决，现在已经凸显出来。具体来说我国的城市化存在下列问题：地区发展不平衡、公共服务水平低、城市病初露端倪。2.2.1地区发展不平衡我国城市化水平