伊利畜牧公司土默川牧场利用脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤效果

分类号S155.2+93学校代码10129UDC631.41学号2010204017伊利畜牧公司土默川牧场利用脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤效果研究StudyonEffectsofAlkalineSoilImprovedwithDesulfurizationGypsuminTumomhuanPastureofYiliHusbandryCompany申请人：马红燕学科门类：农学学科专业：土壤学研究方向：土地资源利用与改良指导教师：张伟华副教授论文提交日期：二〇一三年六月摘要本文主要研究土默特左旗伊利敕勒川奶源基地碱化土壤及作物，旨在揭示盐碱地改良效果规律及对植物的影响，为盐碱地改良提供理论依据和实际指导意义。结果如下：1、土壤化学性质：改良前pH值为9.68，改良两年后pH值均在8.2以下，其中耕作层pH值降低在7.5-8.0之间；土壤水溶性盐的变化亦然，与对照相比改良后土壤中碳酸根、重碳酸根明显下降，而硫酸根、钠离子显著增加，表明碱化土壤之胶体钙钠交换正常；土壤碱化度的变化更为明显，对照碱化度高达57.21%为典型碱土，改良第一年碱化度下降到20%以下为轻度碱化，第二年则下降到10%以下为正常土壤；改良过程中电导率（土壤盐分）变化为先减少后增加，同样表明碱化土壤转变为中性盐的过程。2、物理性状：改良前土壤容重达到1.7左右，两年后下降到1.4左右，尤以表层土壤下降幅度较大；与对照相比土壤硬度的变化更为明显，第一年下降了50%；第二年下降到20-30%；土壤渗透率亦显著提高，第一年渗透率提高了3倍，第二年提高了4至7倍。3、青贮玉米种植与对照出苗率33%（平均）相比显著提高，第一年达到88%，第二年达到98%。4、通过主成分分析对碱化土壤综合评价，与改良前及对照比较，改良后土壤碱化程度随着时间的持续逐渐在降低。关键词：盐碱土；改良；脱硫石膏；土壤评价StudyonEffectsofAlkalineSoilImprovedwithDesulfurizationGypsuminTumomhuanPastureofYiliHusbandryCompanyAbstractThisarticlemainresearchtumedZuoQiChiLeChuanyilimilkbaseinalkalinesoilandcrops,andrevealsthealkali-salinelandeffectandinfluenceonplants,providesthetheorybasisfortheimprovementofsaline-alkaliandpracticalguidingsignificance.Theresultisasfollows:1.soilchemicalproperties:beforetheimprovement,thepHvalueofsoilis9.68.Aftertwoyearsofimprovement,thepHvalueareallbelow8.2,thepHofploughlayerisbetween7.5-8.0;thechangesinsoilwatersolublesaltarethesameasthepHvalue.Comparedwiththecontrolgroups,aftertheimprovement,theyaredecreasedobviously,boththerootofcarbonateandbicarbonateinthesoil;therootofsodiumandthesulfateionsareincreasedsignificantly;showingthattheexchangebetweencalciumandsodiuminalkalinesoilcolloidisbecomingnormal.Thechangeofsoilalkalizationdegreesismoreapparent,thesoilalkalizationdegreesinthecontrolgroups,typicalalkalisoil,is57.21%;aftertheimprovement,thealkalizationdegreedropsto20%infirstyear,turningintomildalkaline,thendropsto10%inthesecondyear,turningintonormalsoil.Intheprocessofimprovement,theconductivity(soilsalt)decreasesfirst,thenincreases,showingtheprocessthatthealkalinesoilisturnedintoneutralsalt.2.Physicalproperties:beforeimprovement,thesoilbulkdensityisaround1.7;aftertwoyears,itisdowntoaround1.4,especiallyinthesurfacesoil.Comparedwiththecontrol,thechangeofsoilhardnessismoreapparent,decreasingby50%inthefirstyearand20-30%inthesecondyear;theincreasingofsoilpermeabilityisalsosignificantly.Itincreases3timesinthefirstyear,andfourtoseventimesinthesecondyear.3.Comparedwithcontrol,rate33%(onaverage),theemergenceofsilagecornincreasessignificantly,88%inthefirstyear,ands98%inthesecondyear.4.Throughprincipalcomponentanalysisincomprehensiveevaluationofsoilalkaline,andcomparedbeforeandimproved,improvedsoilalkalizationdegreeastimecontinuestoreducegradually.Keywords:Salinesoils;Improvement;FGDgypsum;ImprovementeffectionDirectedby：Prof.ZHANGWeihuaApplicantforMasterdegree：MAHongyan(pedology)(CollegeofEcologyandEnvironment，InnerMongoliaAgriculturalUniversity，Huhhot010018，China)目录1引言................................................................11.1盐碱土的分布....................................................11.2盐碱地改良国内外研究进展........................................21.2.1盐碱土改良水利措施............................................21.2.2盐碱土改良农艺措施............................................21.2.3盐碱土改良生物措施............................................21.2.4盐碱土改良化学改良剂措施......................................31.3盐渍土地形成过程及原因..........................................41.3.1盐渍土形成过程................................................41.3.2盐渍土形成的原因..............................................41.4脱硫石膏的性质..................................................41.5研究的目的和意义................................................52材料与方法..........................................................52.1实验区状况试验..................................................52.1.1实验区自然状况................................................52.1.2实验区土壤状况................................................52.2实验材料........................................................62.3实验设计........................................................72.4试验研究的技术路线..............................................82.5试验测定的指标及测定方法........................................82.5.1物理指标......................................................82.5.2化学指标......................................................82.5.3生物指标......................................................82.6统计分析方法....................................................83结果分析............................................................93.1脱硫石膏对碱土化学性质的影响....................................93.1.1脱硫石膏对碱土pH值的影响.....................................93.1.2脱硫石膏对盐碱土离子的影响...................................113.1.4脱硫石膏对土壤碱化度的影响...................................163.1.5脱硫石膏对盐碱土电导率的影响.................................183.2脱硫石膏改良盐碱土过程中物理性质的变化.........................193.2.1土壤容重的变化...............................................193.2.2土壤硬度的变化...............................................213.2.3土壤渗透的变化..............................................233.2.4土壤机械组成的变化..........................................233.3脱硫石膏对作物的影响.......