[下册]研究生英语精读教程-Six

《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社UnitSixCultureShock1.Text2.Exercise3.SupplementaryReadingCultureShock①KalveroOberg②1.transplantv.move,relocate移居；移植2.ailmentn.anillness,esp.onethatisnotserious疾病(尤指不严重的小毛病)［1］Cultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplanted*abroad.Likemostailments*,ithasitsownsymptomsandcure.［2］Cultureshockisprecipitated*bytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse*.1.precipitatev.causetohappen;hastenthecomingof(anunwantedevent)引起；加速来临2.Intercoursen.interaction,interchange互相作用,交际,交往Thosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichweorient*ourselvestothesituationofdailylife;whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.1.orient※v.adjustoradapttoaparticularsituation使适应(环境)；定向,采取方向Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms*,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues*,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.1.norm※n.standardofproperbehaviororprincipleofrightandwrong规范,准则2.cuen.signalthatguidesbehavior;informationthatindicateswhattodo行动的方向(方针)；(应如何行动的)暗示；准则［3］Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofprops*havebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.1.propn.support支柱,靠山Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort.Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad.Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrouse*aboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.1.grousev.complain发牢骚,抱怨Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression*.Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance.Totheforeignereverythingbecomesirrationally*glorified*.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.1.regressionn.backwardmovement;reversion退步；回归；退回2.irrationallyadv.unreasonably无理地,荒唐地3.glorifyv.causetoappearmoreimportantthaninreality使更重要；美化［4］Someofthesymptoms*ofcultureshockareexcessivewashingofthehands,excessiveconcernoverdrinkingwater,fooddishes,andbedding;fearofphysicalcontactwithattendants,theabsent-mindedstare;1.symptom※n.changeinbodyfunctionfeltbythepatient症状afeelingofhelplessnessandadesirefordependenceonlong-termresidentsofone'sownnationality;fits*ofangeroverminorfrustrations;greatconcernoverminorpainsanderuptions*oftheskin;andfinally,thatterriblelongingtobebackhome.1.fitn.outburst一阵；一次发作2.eruptionn.(thesuddenappearanceof)anunhealthyspotorareaontheskin皮疹［5］Individualsdiffergreatlyinthedegreeinwhichcultureshockaffectsthem.Althoughnotcommon,thereareindividualswhocannotliveinforeigncountries.However,thosewhohaveseenpeoplegothroughcultureshockandontoasatisfactoryadjustmentcandiscern*stepsintheprocess.1.discern※v.see,noticeorunderstandesp.withdifficulty(尤指费劲)分辨,识别,看出Duringthefirstfewweeksmostindividualsarefascinatedbythenew.Theystayinhotelsandassociatewithnationalswhospeaktheirlanguageandarepoliteandgracious*toforeigners.1.graciousadj.polite,kindandpleasant亲切的,客气的Thishoneymoonstagemaylastfromafewdaysorweekstosixmonths,dependingoncircumstances.Ifoneisveryimportant,heorshewillbeshowntheshowplaces,willbepampered*andpetted*,andinapressinterviewwillspeakglowinglyaboutgoodwillandinternationalfriendship.1.pamperv.showtoomuchattentiontomakingsb.comfortableandcontented;treattookindly纵容,娇养2.petv.showspecialkindnessandcareforthecomfortof宠爱,娇养；爱抚［6］Butthismentality*doesnotnormallylastiftheforeignvisitorremainsabroadandhasseriouslytocopewithrealconditionsoflife.Itisthenthatthesecondstagebegins,characterizedbyahostileandaggressiveattitudetowardthehostcountry.1.mentalityn.character,habitsofthought个性，思想习惯，心理Thishostilityevidentlygrowsoutofthegenuinedifficultywhichthevisitorexperiencesintheprocessofadjustment.Therearehousetroubles,transportationtroubles,shoppingtroubles,andthefactthatpeopleinthehostcountryarelargelyindifferenttoallthesetroubles.Theyhelp,buttheydon'tunderstandyourgreatconcernoverthesedifficulties.Therefore,theymustbeinsensitiveandunsympathetictoyouandyourworries.Theresult,Ijustdon'tlikethem.“Youbecomeaggressive,youbandtogetherwithothersfromyourcountryandcriticizethehostcountry,itsways,anditspeople.Butthiscriticismisnotanobjectiveappraisal*.Insteadoftryingtoaccountfortheconditionsandthehistoricalcircumstanceswhichhavecreatedthem,youtalkasifthedifficultiesyouexperiencearemoreorlesscreatedbythepeopleofthehostcountryforyourspecialdiscomfort.1.appraisaln.valuation评价［7］Youtakerefuge*inthecolony*ofothersfromyourcountrywhichoftenbecomesthefountainhead*ofemotionallychargedlabelsknownasstereotypes*.1.refugen.protectionorshelterfromdanger避难处，逃避2.colonyn.侨居地；殖民地3.f