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单因素敏感性分析案例设有一项目的基本数据如表12—1所示,试对其进行敏感性分析。解:首先,设定分析的指标为项目财务净现值。其次,根据有关资料和经验,本项目选销售收入、经营成本和项目总投资三者为不确定因素。然后,设定不确定因素的变化幅度为%10,分别计算由此而引致的项目净现值数值及其变化率(分别见表12—2,12—3,12—4),并编制敏感性分析汇总表(见表12—5)接着,根据上表资料绘制敏感性分析图(见图12—3)表12—1项目基本数据表单位:万元年份投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值1600-6000.870-5222400-4000.756-302.439005004000.658263.249005004000.572228.859005004000.497198.869005004000.432172.879005004000.376150.489005004000.327130.8合计1000540030001400320.4最后,从表和图中均可看出,该项目不确定因素中,销售收入为最敏感性因素。当销售收入减少%4.12(即最大极限值)时,项目财务净现值达到零的临界点;经营成本为次敏感性因素;项目总投资的敏感性相对来说较小。此处的最大极限值可以通过作图法近似地求得,也可通过计算较精确地求得。设销售收入的极限值为x,则从上图两三角形相似可得,4.320/8.62/)10(xx,解之即得%4.12x。多方案比选时,在其它条件相同的情况下,应选择敏感性最小的方案。表12—2敏感性分析表:销售收入变化引致项目净现值的变化销售收入增加10%销售收入减少10%年份投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值1600-6000.870-522600-6000.870-5222400-4000.756-302.4400-4000.756-302.439905004900.658322.48105003100.658204.49905004900.572280.38105003100.572177.359905004900.497243.58105003100.497154.169905004900.432211.78105003100.432133.979905004900.376184.28105003100.376116.589905004900.327160.28105003100.327101.4合计1000594030001940577.910004860300086062.8表12—3敏感性分析表:经营成本变化引致项目净现值的变化经营成本增加10%经营成本减少10%年份投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值1600-6000.870-522600-6000.870-5222400-4000.756-302.4400-4000.756-302.439005503500.658230.39004504500.658296.149005503500.572200.29004504500.572254.459005503500.497174.09004504500.497223.669005503500.432151.29004504500.432194.479005503500.376131.69004504500.376169.289005503500.327114.49004504500.327147.2合计1000540033001100177.31000540027002700463.5表12—4敏感性分析表:总投资变化引致项目净现值的变化总投资额增加10%总投资额减少10%年份投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值投资额销售收入经营成本净现金流量折现系数(15%)净现值1660-6600.870-574.2540-5400.870-469.82440-4400.756-332.6360-3600.756-272.239005004000.658263.29005004000.658263.249005004000.572228.89005004000.572228.859005004000.497198.89005004000.497198.869005004000.432172.89005004000.432172.879005004000.376150.49005004000.376150.489005004000.327130.89005004000.327130.8合计1000540030001300238.01000540030001300402.8表12—5敏感性分析汇总表单位:净现值万元,变化率为%不确定因素变动幅度净现值净现值变化率销售收入+10—10577.962.8+80.6—80.6经营成本+10—10177.3463.5—44.7+44.7总投资+10—10238402.8—25.7+25.7基本方案0320.4006.8106.80
本文标题:单因素敏感分析案例
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