句子结构(高三)

京老师中高考英语培训------海纳百川、志存高远、德才兼修济天下！给你一份信心，给我一次机缘，圆我们共同的梦想！句子结构一、英语中的句子种类(一)按句子的用途可分四种：1．陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2．疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3．祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4．感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!Whatfineweather(itistoday)!（二）按句子的结构可分三种：1.简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2.并列句：由并列连词（and/but/or等）或分号（；）或破折号(---)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。I’veneverseenanyonerunsofast---justwatchDavidgo.3.复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。包含：1）名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、*同位语从句）2)定语从句（限制性定从、非限制性定从）3）状语从句（方式、地点、时间、条件、让步、原因、结果、目的、比较）Idon'tknowwhyhedidn'tcome.Thathewaslateagainmadetheteacherangry.Thereasonforhisbeinglatewasthathewascaughtinthetrafficjam.There'snodoubtthatheisareliableperson.Thisisthefactorywherehisfatherworks.HewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,whichmadeusamazed.Thoughitwasraining,thegirlstillwentout.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.MyfatherpromisedmethatifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuymeanIpad2.Ahthoughwhathehaddonemadetheteacherangry,hestillwouldn’tchangehismind.京老师中高考英语培训------海纳百川、志存高远、德才兼修济天下！给你一份信心，给我一次机缘，圆我们共同的梦想！二、简单句的五种结构1)S+Vi（+状语）Theyfailed(atlast)./Itisrainingheavily./HelivesinLondon.2)S+V(系)+PTheboywasinhisroomdrawing./Therosesmellssweet./Hermotherseemedtohaveknownthetruth.3)S+Vt+O（+状语）Ourteambeatalltheothers./Wevisitedthefarmlastweek.(Vi+介=Vt)Thesoldiersarrivedatthevillageintheevening./Ican'tagreewithyou.4)S+Vt+O1+O2Mr.Litoldusaninterestingstory./Sheboughtawalletforherhusband.Theteachershowedussomeoldmaps./Helenthisbiketome.5)S+Vt+O+OcWeoftenhearhimsingintheroom.（感官动词）Thegirlsawtheoldladyknockeddownbyacar.（使役动词）Hewillhavehisbikerepairedthisafternoon.Youshouldn'tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.（建议命令类动词）Theywantedtheirdaughtertolearnthepiano.（观点类动词）WefinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.三、并列句标志及考点1．定义:由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。2．标志：并列连词；标点符号（分号；破折号）3.分句之间的关系：并列、递进、选择、转折、因果、其它。4.并列连词：and;but;or;otherwise;so;for（表推断性原因）;*when(=andatthis/thattime这/那时)*while（表对比“而，却”）both…and…;neither…nor…;either…or…;not…but…;notonly…butalso…;notonly…but…aswell;5.考点：1)倒装：否定词位于句首时，notonly…butalso…连接的两个分句，前倒后不倒；neither…nor…连接的两个分句，均要倒装。2)与非谓语动词作状语的区分：（观察连词或标点）_______(walk)alongthestreet,andyouwillfindthetheatre._______(walk)alongthestreet,youwillfindthetheatre.3)与非限定从的区分：（观察连词或标点或句子是否完整，确定选择关系词或者普通代词/副词）关系代词/副词普通代词/副词whohe/she/theywhomhim/her/themwhichit/that/thiswhoseits/his/her/theirwhenthenwherethere/here京老师中高考英语培训------海纳百川、志存高远、德才兼修济天下！给你一份信心，给我一次机缘，圆我们共同的梦想！(1)Shehastwosons,bothof______aredoctors.Shehastwosons,andbothof______aredoctors.Shehastwosons;bothof______aredoctors.(2)Inthemeetingroom,therearetables,_____youcansittherereading.Inthemeetingroom,therearetables,_____youcansitreading.(3)Shelivedinthehouse_______windowswerebroken.and______windowswerebroken.thewindows________werebroken.(4)Hehasgonetocollege,______madeussurprised.Hehasgonetocollegeand_____madeussurprised.(5)Hismotherwasill;in_____casehehadtoaskforaleave.Hismotherwasill,in_____casehehadtoaskforaleave.(6)Icalledhimbythewrongname;for_____mistakeIapologized.Icalledhimbythewrongname,for_____mistakeIapologized.(7)Thebookwaswrittenin1946;since______theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,since______theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.(8)Hestoodbythewindow;from________hecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.Hestoodbythewindow,from________hecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.4)注意身兼并列连词与从属连词功能并且多义的when与while。四、复合句通观1.从句有引导词引导；(连接词/关系词/从属连词)2.句与句之间为主句和从句关系：从句+主句；主句+从句；从句镶嵌主句之中3.从句分为三大类：形容词性从句（即：定语从句）、名词性从句（即：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、副词性从句（即：状语从句）。2.所有从句都用陈述语序。练习：划出下列从句并判断其类别：1.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.2.ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.3.Whowillgoisnotimportant.4.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.5.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.6.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.7.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.8.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.9.Childasheis,heknowsalot.京老师中高考英语培训------海纳百川、志存高远、德才兼修济天下！给你一份信心，给我一次机缘，圆我们共同的梦想！10.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.11.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.12.I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.13.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.14.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates15.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.5.复合句考点：1.）引导词的选择：通读全句(看空前)，判断从句类型A.定语从句或名词性从句：再判断从句缺什么成分（看空后）。1)Weshoulddo______wecantoprotectwildlife.Weshoulddoall______wecantoprotectwildlife.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.it2)Whiledrivingthroughthecity,sheshowedmethebuilding____sheonceworked.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where3)Thedoctoradvisedmymothertolive_______theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where4)Remembertoputthebook______itbelongs.Remembertoputthebookat_____itbelongsto.Remembertoreturnthebookto______itbelongsto.A.inwhichB.whichC.whatD.whereE.WhomB.状语从句：根据语境判断主从句之间的逻辑关系。(注