动词时态教案[1]

英语教研组第页教学内容动词时态教学重、难点1.动词的四种形式2.不规则动词表3.动词的八种时态的用法教学过程一、动词的基本形式：英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1.动词的基本构成及形式：形式构成例词动词原形词典中一般给出的形式be,have,come,do第三人称单数形式在动词原形后+srun—runs,like—likes以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词后+esteach—teaches,wash—washes,go—goes,pass—passes以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+estry—tries,study—studieshave─has现在分词在动词原形后+ingread—reading以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ingwrite—writing,have—having以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ingswim—swimming,dig—digging少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ingdie—dying,lie—lying过去式与过去分词(规则变化)在动词原形后+edwork—worked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+edcarry—carried,study—studied以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+edstop—stopped,plan—planned说明：①词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/d/.②词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t/,/d/后读/z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/,/dz/.2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词1.AAA型costcostcostputputputcutcutcutreadread[red]read[red]hithithitsetsetsethurthurthurtshutshutshutletletlethurthurthurt2.AAB型beatbeatbeaten英语教研组第页3.ABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词4.ABB型(1)原型后加d或t:burnburntburntmeanmeantmeanthearheardheardspoilspoiltspoiltlearnlearntlearnt(2)原型改d为tbuildbuiltbuiltsendsentsentlendlentlentspendspentspent(3)其他bringbroughtbroughtmeetmetmetbuyboughtboughtpaypaidpaidcatchcaughtcaughtsaysaidsaiddigdugdugsellsoldsoldfeelfeltfeltshineshone(shined)shone(shined)fightfoughtfoughtsitsatsatfindfoundfoundsleepsleptsleptgetgotgotsmellsmelt(smelled)smelt(smelled)hanghung(hanged)hung(hanged)spillspiltspilthave,hashadhadspitspatspathidehidhid(hidden)standstoodstoodholdheldheldsweepsweptsweptkeepkeptkeptteachtaughttaughtlaylaidlaidtelltoldtoldleaveleftleftthinkthoughtthoughtloselostlostunderstandunderstoodunderstoodmakemademadewinwonwon5.ABC型(1)原型后加n或en:blowblewblownmistakemistookmistakendrawdrewdrawnrideroderiddendrivedrovedrivenriseroserisen英语教研组第页eatateeatenseesawseenfallfellfallenshowshowedshown原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词givegavegiventaketooktakengrowgrewgrownthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownwritewrotewriten(2)过去式后加n或enbreakbrokebrokensinksunk(sank)sunken(sunk)choosechosechosenspeakspokespokenforgetforgotforgottenwakewokewokenfreezefrozefrozen(3)改i为a(过去式）和u（过去分词)beginbeganbegunsingsangsungdrinkdrankdrunkswimswamswumringrangrung(4)其他be(am,is)wasbeengowentgonebe(are)werebeenlielaylaindodiddonewearworewornflyflewflown二、动词的时态：在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语共有16种时态,初中阶段学习9种.现以动词do为例,将这9种时态构成列表如下：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时：①do②does现在进行时：am/is/aredoing现在完成时：has/havedone现在完成进行时：has/havebeendoing过去一般过去时：did过去进行时：was/weredoing过去完成时：haddone(初三学)将来一般将来时：①am/is/aregoingtodo②will/shalldo过去将来过去将来时：①was/weregoingtodo②would/shoulddo1.一般现在时：(1)构成：①动词原形②动词第三人称单数形式(2)形式：①be动词：肯定句：主语＋am/is/are＋表语(n./pron./adj.)eg：Iam/I’mastudent.Youare/You’reastudent.Heis/He’s/Sheis/She’sastudent.Itis/It’sanapple.Weare/We’re/Youare/You’re/Theyare/They’restudents.英语教研组第页Theyare/They’remine.Itis/It’srainy.否定句：主语＋am/is/are＋not＋表语(n./pron./adj.)eg：Iamnot/I’mnotastudent.Youarenot/You’renot/Youaren’tastudent.Heisnot/He’snot/Heisn’tastudent.Sheisnot/She’snot/Sheisn’tastudent.Itisnot/It’snot/Itisn’tanapple.Wearenot/We’renot/Wearen’tstudents.Theyarenot/They’renot/Theyaren’tstudents.Theyarenot/They’renot/Theyaren’tmine.Itisnot/It’snot/Itisn’trainy.疑问句：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋表语(n./pron./adj.)eg：AmIastudent?Areyouastudent?Ishe/sheastudent?Isitanapple?Arewe/you/theystudents?Aretheyyours?Isitrainy?②其它动词：肯定句：主语＋动词原形/第三人称单数形式(＋宾语)(＋状语)eg：I/You/We/You/TheystudyEnglisheveryday.He/ShestudiesEnglisheveryday.Itrainseveryday.否定句：主语＋don’t/doesn’t(第三人称单数)＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语)eg：I/You/We/You/Theydon’tstudyEnglisheveryday.He/Shedoesn’tstudyEnglisheveryday.Itdoesn’traineveryday.疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语)eg：DoI/You/We/You/TheystudyEnglisheveryday?Doeshe/shestudyEnglisheveryday?Doesitraineveryday?(3)用法：①表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态eg：IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.除了星期日,我每天都上学。(动作)Thereare50studentsinourclass.我们班上有50名学生。(状态)②表示一种客观事实或普遍真理(注：无论在什么情况下,都用一般现在时,包括在宾语从句中)eg：Theearthisround.地球是圆的。Theteachersaidthesunisbiggerthantheearth.老师说太阳比地球大。③表示主语的性格、能力、兴趣等心理状态和情感的动词,往往用一般现在时(了解)eg：Shelikesbasketballgames.她喜欢篮球比赛。(兴趣)Iwantacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。(心理状态)④在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作,“主将从现”关键词：if,when,assoonas等eg：AssoonasIgetthere,I’llcallyouup.我一到那就打电话给你。Idon’tknowifhewillcometomorrow.Ifhecomes,Iwilltellyou.我不知道明天他是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。Idon’tknowwhenhewillcometomorrow.Whenhecomes,Iwilltellyou.我不知道明天他什么时候会来。当他来的时候，我会告诉你。(4)时间状语(标志)：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,onSundays/Mondays/…,everymorning/afternoon/…/day/week/…/minute/second/Sunday/Monday…英语教研组第页练习：1.Myfatherisverybusy.He___________(go)toworkearlyeverymorning.2.Ifhe________harder,hewillcatchupwith(赶上)ussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied3.Mothertoldmethemoon________(go)aroundtheearth.2.一般过去时：(1)构成：动词的过去式(2)形式：①be动词：肯定句：主语＋was/were＋表语eg：I/He/She/Itwasthere.We/You/Theywerethere.否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋表语eg：I/He/She/Itwasnotthere.We/You/Theywerenotthere.疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋表语eg：WasI/he/she/itthere?Werewe/you/theythere?②其它动词：肯定句：主语＋动词的过去式(＋宾语)(＋状语)eg：I/You/He/She/We/You/Theyworkedthere.Itrainedyesterday.否定句：主语＋didnot/didn’t＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语)eg：I/You/