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肺部感染性疾病题集一名词解释1.pneumonia2.MRSAmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus3.communityacquiredpneumonia4.hospitalacquiredpneumonia5.SARSSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome二简答题1.therouteofinfectionofcommunityacquiredpneumonia?2.肺炎的解剖分类有几种?3.theenvironmentclassificationofpneumonia?4.thepathopoiesismechanismofStreptococcuspneumoniae?5.howmanystageofstreptococcalpneumoniainpatho?6.thecomplicationofstreptococcalpneumonia?7.肺炎链球菌肺炎抗菌药物标准疗程是多少?8.简述肺炎链球菌肺炎的诊断依据?9.thechestx-rayfeatureofstaphylococcalpneumonia?10.theutilitymedicineforMRSA?三论述题1.theappreciationdiagnoseofpneumonia?2.thediagnoseofgravepneumonia?3.therapeuticprincipleofpneumococcalpneumonia?4.传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)的诊断依据有哪些?5.肺炎抗生素治疗72小时后症状无改善主要原因可能有哪些?四选择题【单选题】1.whichisthefalseabouthospitalacquiredpneumoniaA.tocontinuewithseverpatientwithvariouskindsprimarilydisease,difficulttototreatB.highratiowithgrampositivecoccus,mixedinfectioniscommonC.drugfastbacteriumisincreasingD.somenonpathogenicbacteriaalwaysleadtohospitalacquiredpneumonia2.关于肺炎球菌的描述,哪些错误:A.为革兰阳性球菌,有荚膜B.其毒力大小与荚膜中的多糖结构及含量有关C.是引起人类肺炎最常见的致病菌D.在干燥的痰中能存活数月E.不寄生于正常人的鼻咽道3.whichisthefalseaboutpneumococcalpneumonia?A.therepresentationislobarpneumoniaorlobularpneumoniaB.notoftenleadtonecrosisoflungarchitectureorformingcavitatesC.tokeepfabrictraceafterthedissipationofpneumoniaD.headelectpenicillinGfortreatmentE.coincidenceempyemainminoritypatient4.whichkindofpneumoniahasfewchancetoformlungabscessA,pneumococcalpneumoniaB.staphylococcalpneumoniaC.KlebsiellapneumoniaeD.PseudomonasaeruginosapneumoniaE.streptococcalpneumonia5.whichpathostagingofpneumococcalpneumoniawhenthereistheappearanceofrustyexpectorationA.充血期B.水肿期C.红色肝变期D.灰色肝变期E.消散期E.dispersastaging6.whichisthemostimpossiblecomplicationofpneumococcalpneumoniaA.感染性休克B.胸膜炎C.肺脓肿D.弥漫性血管凝血E.脑膜炎7.一右下肺炎球菌肺炎患者,用青霉素治疗后热退,4天后又发热,且白细胞明显增高。应首先考虑:A,laevomycetinisnotenoughB.pathogenicbacteriainsensitivitytolaevomycetinC.withoutalexipyreticD.withoutglucocorticosteroidE.withcomplication8.themainstaytodiagnositicmycoplasmalpneumoniaA.clinicalmanifestationB.BloodbacterialcultureC.masculinefobloodserumcoldagglutinationtestD.healingutilitytoerythromycinEnoneofabove9.葡萄球菌肺炎首选:A.红霉素B.氟康唑C.丁胺卡那霉素+头孢他啶D.青霉素GE.环丙沙星10.肺炎球菌肺炎的典型症状是:A.寒战和高热B.咳黏液脓性痰C.咳铁锈色痰D.患侧胸部疼痛E.气急和紫绀【多选题】1.whichkindsoflunginfectionalwaysformingcavitary?A.viralpneumoniaB.mycoplasmalpneumoniaC.pneumococcalpneumoniaD.staphylococcalpneumoniaE.Pseudomonasaeruginosapneumonia2.thepathochangeofstaphylococciaureuspneumoniaisA.abscess-formationB.aircystogenesisformingC.pleuritisD.pneumopyothoraxE.bronchopleuralfistula3.themainpathochangesofpneumococcalpneumoniaisduetoA.细菌侵入肺泡内生长繁殖,肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血B.肺泡内水肿C.肺泡内浆液渗出D.肺泡坏死、溃疡E.白细胞吞噬细菌,纤维蛋白渗出物溶解吸收4.thecourseoftreatmentwithantibioticsforpneumococcalpneumoniaA.standardcourseoftreatmentis14daysB.discontinuationafterthedisappearanceofsymptomandobjectivesignC.discontinuationafterpyretolysis72hoursD.discontinuationafterdissipationofthefocusofinfectioninX-RAYE.discontinuationafter10daysantibiotics5.poortherapeuticefficacywithenoughantibioticstopneumococcalpneumonia,weconsiderA.应考虑诊断是否正确B.有无并发症出现C.混合菌感染D.出现耐青霉素的肺炎球菌E.药物热6.whichchoiceisrightA.肺炎球菌肺炎——青霉素B.支原体肺炎——红霉素C.肺炎衣原体肺炎——大环内酯类抗生素D.肺炎球菌肺炎——庆大霉素E.金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA株)肺炎——青霉素7,whichisfalseaboutstaphylococciaureuspneumoniaA.通过血行感染B.可吸入感染C.早期易出现循环衰竭D.易发生脓气胸E.病变消散后肺组织多无损坏8.支原体肺炎主要特点:A.mainlyinoldpeopleB.onsteemergencyC.themainsymptomisdebilitation,pharyngalgia,cough,fever,myosalgiaandsoonD.paroxysmSexualstimulusbucking,lessphlegmE.canautotherapywithouttreatment9.whichisincorrectaboutpneumococcalpneumoniaA.出现紫绀是由于V/Q比例失调,其比值0.8B.可出现溶血性贫血C.极个别形成机化性肺炎D.病变开始于肺外周,易引起渗出性胸膜炎E.肺炎球菌不产生毒素,不引起原发肺组织坏死10.whichisincorrectaboutpneumococcalpneumoniaA.allhavealgorandhighfeverB.allhaverustysputumC.accordingtoDiplococcuslanceolatuscapsulatusin;hemocultureandphlegmisimportantetiologicaldiagnosisD.bloodcorpuscleinperipheralbloodE.noneofabove肺部感染性疾病习题答案一名词解释1.肺炎是指终末气道、肺泡和肺间质的炎症,可由病原微生物、理化因素、免疫损伤、过敏及药物所致。细菌性肺炎是最常见的肺炎。2.是指耐甲氧西林青霉素金黄色葡萄球菌。3.英文缩写为CAP,是指在医院外罹患的感染性肺实质炎症,包括具有明显潜伏期的病原体感染而在入院后平均潜伏期内发病的肺炎。4.英文缩写为HAP,是指患者入院时不存在、也不处于潜伏期,而在入院48小时后在医院(包括老年护理院、康复院)内发生的炎症。5.是由SARS冠状病毒引起的一种具有明显传染性、可累及多个脏器系统的特殊肺炎,世界卫生组织将其命名为严重急性呼吸综合征。二简答题1.(1)空气吸入(2)血流播散(3)邻近感染部位蔓延(4)上呼吸道定植菌的误吸2.(1)大叶性(肺泡性)肺炎(2)小叶性(支气管性)肺炎(3)间质性肺炎3.分两类(1)社区获得性肺炎(CAP)(2)医院获得性肺炎(HAP)4.其致病力是由于多糖荚膜对组织的侵袭作用,它不产生毒素,不引起肺组织原发性坏死。5.分四期:充血期、红色肝变期、灰色肝变期、消散期。6.有感染性休克、胸膜炎、脓胸、心包炎、脑膜炎、关节炎等。7.抗菌药物标准疗程通常为14天,或在退热后3天停药或由静脉给药改为口服,维持数日。8.诊断根据(1)典型症状如起病急骤、高热、寒战、咳铁锈痰等(2)典型肺实变体征(3)胸部X线显示肺叶或肺段一致的片状阴影(4)痰及血培养分离出病原菌是确诊本病的主要依据9.(1)胸部X线显示肺叶或肺段的实变,可形成空洞,或呈小叶状浸润,其中有单个或多发的液气囊腔。(2)X线阴影的易变性,表现为一处炎性浸润消失而在另一处又出现新的病灶,或很小的单一病灶发展为大片阴影。10.MRSA应选用万古霉素、替考拉宁。三论述题1.(1)肺结核多有结核中毒症状,胸片阴影多在肺尖或锁骨上下,痰中可查到结核菌,一般抗菌药无效。(3)肺癌多无感染症状,有痰中带血丝,痰中可查到癌细胞可确诊。伴阻塞性肺炎或肺不张时,可行纤维支气管镜活检病理检查确诊。(4)急性肺脓肿随病程进展,咳大量脓臭痰为其特征,胸片显示脓腔及气液平。(5)肺血栓栓塞多有静脉血栓的危险因素,可出现胸痛、咯血,呼吸困难明显,动脉血气分析常见低氧血症和低碳酸血症,D—二聚体、CT肺动脉造影、肺动脉造影可确诊。(6)非感染性肺部浸润如肺间质纤维化、肺水肿、肺不张、肺嗜酸性粒细胞浸润症等。2(1)意识障碍(2)呼吸频率30次/分(3)PaO260mmHg,PaO2/FiO2300,需行机械通气治疗(4)血压/60mmHg;(5)胸片显示双肺或多肺叶受累,或入院48小时内病变扩大50%(6)少尿:尿量20ml/h,或80ml/4h,或急性肾衰竭需要透析治疗3.(1)抗菌药物治疗给予抗生素治疗,首选
本文标题:内科学呼吸系统试题
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