化学课本中出现的词汇

1课本中出现的相关词汇1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气体状态方程2.PartialPressures分压3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德华方程5.SystemandSurroundings系统与环境6.StateandStateFunctions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律10.HeatandWork热与功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸热与发热过程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应热13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反应速率16.ReactionOrder反应级数17.RateConstants速率常数18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼乌斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数25.theDirectionofReaction反应方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列·沙特列原理27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵（标准熵）30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵变32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges标准自由能变33.Acid-Bases酸碱34.TheDissociationofWater水离解35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36.ThepHScalespH值37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和碱38.Proton-TransferReactions质子转移反应39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共轭酸碱对40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸碱的相对强度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸碱42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金属离子的水解43.BufferSolutions缓冲溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同离子效应45.BufferCapacity缓冲容量46.FormationofComplexIons配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstantKsp溶度积常数49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons离子的沉淀与分离50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons离子的选择沉淀51.Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化还原反应52.OxidationNumber氧化数53.BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55.GalvaniCell原电池56.VoltaicCell伏特电池57.CellEMF电池电动势58.StandardElectrodePotentials标准电极电势59.OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化剂和还原剂60.TheNernstEquation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis电解62.TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons电子的波动性63.Bohr’sModelofTheHydrogenAtom氢原子的波尔模型264.LineSpectra线光谱65.QuantumNumbers量子数66.ElectronSpin电子自旋67.AtomicOrbital原子轨道68.Thes(p,d,f)Orbitals（p，d，f）轨道69.Many-ElectronAtoms多电子原子70.EnergiesofOrbital轨道能量71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理72.ElectronConfigurations电子构型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumbers同位素，原子数，质量数77.PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律78.RadiusofAtoms原子半径79.IonizationEnergy电离能80.Electronegativity电负性81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核电荷82.ElectronAffinities亲电性83.Metals金属84.Nonmetals非金属85.ValenceBondTheory价键理论86.CovalenceBond共价键87.OrbitalOverlap轨道重叠88.MultipleBonds重键89.HybridOrbital杂化轨道90.TheVSEPRModel价层电子对互斥理论91.MolecularGeometries分子空间构型92.MolecularOrbital分子轨道93.DiatomicMolecules双原子分子94.BondLength键长95.BondOrder键级96.BondAngles键角97.BondEnthalpies键能98.BondPolarity键矩99.DipoleMoments偶极矩100.PolarityMolecules极性分子101.PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子102.CrystalStructure晶体结构103.Non-Crystal非晶体104.ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆积105.MetallicSolids金属晶体106.MetallicBond金属键107.Alloys合金108.IonicSolids离子晶体109.Ion-DipoleForces离子偶极力110.MolecularForces分子间力111.IntermolecularForces分子间作用力112.HydrogenBonding氢键113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶体114.Compounds化合物115.TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructureofComplexes配合物的命名，组成和结构116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism异构现象119.StructuralIsomerism结构异构120.Stereoisomerism立体异构121.Magnetism磁性122.ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComplexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123.TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes四面体和平面四边形配合物124.GeneralCharacteristics共性125.s-BlockElementss区元素126.AlkaliMetals碱金属127.AlkalineEarthMetals碱土金属128.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-BlockElementsp区元素134.BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135.Borane硼烷136.CarbonGroup(Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）3137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139.OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制备140.SilicicAcid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸盐141.NitrogenGroup(Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth)氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸盐，卤化磷144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine)卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148.Halides,Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.TheNobleGases稀有气体150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Blockelementsd区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属153.PotassiumDichromate重铬酸钾154.PotassiumPermanganate高锰酸钾155.IronCopperZincMercury铁，铜，锌，汞156.f-BlockElementsf区元素157.Lanthanides镧系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.NuclearChemistry核化学160.NuclearFission核裂变161.NuclearFusion核聚变162.analyticalchemistry分析化学163.qualitativeanalysis定性分析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分析165.chemicalanalysis化学分析166.instrumentalanalysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetricanalysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographicanalysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemicalanalysis电化学分析173.on-lineanalysis在线分析174.macroanalysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformationanalysis形态分析178.semimicroanalysis半微量分析179.systematicalerror系统误差180.routineanalysis常规分析181.randomerror偶然误差182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析183.grosserror过失误差184.n