冰河湾的土著居民努力保护传统

106冰河湾的土著居民努力保护传统GlacierBayNativesTrytoPreserveTraditionsMikeOsborneGlacierBay,Alaska22Aug200107:42UTCInearlyJune,twoteenagedboys1)revivedanativetraditiondeniedtheirpeopleformorethan80yearsbyinternational2)treaty.Theyvisitedasmall,3)windsweptislandjustoutsideGlacier4)BaynamedMiddlePassRock,wheretheygatheredthreedozensea5)gulleggs.Recentchangestotheinternationaltreatythatprotects6)migratorybirdsmadetheegggatheringlegalforthefirsttimesince1918.ButUnitedStatesParkServiceregulationsstill7)prohibit8)subsistencefoodgatheringofanykindinsideGlacierBay.Thelocalnativepeople,theHoonahTlinget,are9)pushinghardtohavetheirsubsistencerightswithinthepark10)restoredaswellinacampaign11)fueledbyagrowingdesperationtokeeptheirtraditionalknowledgealive.KevinSkeekisoneofthenativeteenschosentogathergulleggsonMiddlePassIsland.IntheTlingetcultureyourunclesweresupposedtoeducateyou,becauseyourfatheroryourmotherwouldbetooeasyonyouandyouwouldn'tbeabletosurvive,hesaid.So,likethefirsttimegoinghunting.Myuncletookmeoutandshowedmehowtohuntandthingslikethatandthenmyfirsttimefishingheshowedmehowtodothat.Andit'sthingslikethesethatare12)passedon.Likenow,whenmy13)niecesand14)nephewsgetoldenoughIwillteachthemandteachthemhowtohuntandfishand,youknow,certainthingslikethat.ButinGlacierBaythatcyclehasbeen15)disrupted.Astheyearspass,therearefewerandfewernativeelderswhorememberlifeinthebaybeforefederal16)preservation.Skills,ritualsandtraditionsnormallytaughtbyfamilyarenotbeingpasseddownandmaysoonbelost.KevinSkeekhadtogobacktwogenerationstolearnsomethingaboutegggathering.Iwastoldfrommygrandparentsexactlyhowtogatherseagulleggs,hesaid.Ifyoulookinthenestandthere'soneortwoeggsyoucantakebothofthosebecausethey'vejustbeenlaidandtheyhaven'tbeen17)incubatingthatlong,so.Butifthere'sthreeyoudon'tknowwhicheggwaslaidfirstorlastoranythingsoyoujustleaveallthreeeggsalone.ParkServicebiologistshaveconfirmedthatthistradition18)complementsthegull's19)reproductivecycle.Iffollowedprecisely,the20)purloinedeggsarequicklyreplacedwithanewbrood.U.S.SenatorfromAlaskaFrankMurkowskisaysthatwithninemillenniaworthofexperienceattheirdisposal,theHoonahTlingetmayhaveagreatdealmoretoteachusifgiventhechance.Theyknowtheseasons,theyknowthe21)frequenciesofthebird22)migration,justliketheyknowthemovementofthe23)halibut,whenthehalibutmoveinandout,saidSen.Murkowski.Andthey,throughtheirown24)sensitivity,managethatresourceforrenewability.Andthesearebasedontheobservanceandparticipationofpeoplewho,youknow,areverywaryofoverfishingorovergatheringbecauseitwouldaffecttheirchildrenortheirchildren'schildren.TheParkService25)mandateinsiststhatGlacierBayresourcesbepreservedforfuturegenerationsatallcosts.GlacierBayPark26)SuperintendentTommieLeeseems27)committedtograntingthenativesgreateraccesstothepark,butsaysshewantstheprocesstomoveslowlytoavoidmakingcostlymistakes.It'sliketakinga28)pebbleanddroppingitinapondandalltheripplesgoout,shesaid.That'san29)impact,butnotnecessarilyan30)impairment.Sowhatweneedtodoisnotallowanimpairmentwhilestillallowingsomegatheringoffood31)stuffsthatwillnotimpairthatparticularresource.Thatit'llbethereforgenerationsandgenerationsandgenerations,hopefullyforever.JohannHenchmenalsogatheredeggsbackinJune.HeplansonacareerintheU.S.CoastGuard,buthopestoreturntoGlacierBayoneday,raiseafamily,andcontinuethetraditionsofhispeople.Idon'tplanonstayinguphereverylong,hesaid.Iwanttogooutandexperiencetheworldandwhatnot,butdefinitelyIwanttocomebackandlivehere.IfIhadafamily,I'mdefinitelygoingtoteachthemhowtobeabletodotraditionalharvestorevenhunt.There'sawholelotofthingsoutthereinourculturethatwecanbeabletodo.1)revive[]v.(使)复兴,(使)复活,回想2)treaty[]n.条约,谈判3)windswept[]adj.风刮的,暴露在风中的4)bay[]n.海湾,狗吠声,绝路t.吠,使走投无路vi.吠5)gull[l]n.[动]鸥,笨人vt.欺诈,骗,使上当6)migratory[]adj.迁移的,流浪的7)prohibit[]vt.禁止,阻止8)subsistence[]n.生存,生活9)pushing[]adj.有进取心的,有冲劲的,急切的10)restore[]vt.恢复,归还,修复11)fuel[]n.燃料vt.供以燃料vi.得到燃料12)passonv.去世,传递13)niece[]n.侄女,甥女14)nephew[]n.侄子,外甥15)disrupt[]v.使中断,使分裂,使瓦解,破坏16)preservation[]n.保存17)incubate[]vt.孵卵18)complement[]n.补足物vt.补助,补足19)reproductive[]adj.生殖的,再生的,复制的20)purloin[]v.偷窃,盗取21)frequency[]n.频率,周率,发生次数22)migration]n.移民,移植,移往,移动23)halibut[]n.大比目鱼24)sensitivity[]n.敏感,灵敏(度),灵敏性25)mandate[m]n.(书面)命令,训令,要求,(前国际联盟的)委任托管权vt.委任统治26)superintendent[]n.主管,负责人,管理者27)committedadj.效忠的；忠于…的28)pebble[]n.小圆石,小鹅卵石29)impact[kt]n.影响,效果vt.挤入,撞击,压紧,对...发生影响30)impairmentn.损害,损伤31)stuff[]n.原料,材料,素材资料vt.塞满,填满,填充