主谓一致ppt

主谓一致Subject-VerbConcord•Guidingprinciples•1.Grammaticalconcord语法一致原则EachgirlhasherownbookFewstudentsarereallylazy.2.Notionalconcord意义一致原则Thefamilyareallmusiclovers.3.Proximity就近一致原则Eithermybrothersormyfatheriscoming.Onlyoneoutoffivewerepresent.以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致问题1.以-s结尾的疾病名称通常做单数用，但是个别疾病可以作为单数和复数。表示游戏名称的名词通常用单数：Marbles打子弹游戏isoneoftheoldestofgamesandwasnotconfinedtochildren.但个别用复数Cardsarenotallowedhere.2.以-ics结尾的学科的名称通常用单数3.以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国家名,谓语动词用单数但若不是国家名，而是群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等，用复数TheWestIndies(西印度群岛)arecommonlydividedintotwoparts.TheStraitsofGibraltar(直布罗陀海峡)havenotlosttheirstrategicimportance.以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致问题4.以-s结尾的，由两个部分构成的物体，如不带一把，一副，一条等单位词要用复数，若带，根据单位词单复数确定。这些词有Scissors剪刀,pincers钳子,glasses,shorts,trousers,suspenders吊带裤等5.以下词语通常做复数Archives档案,arms武器,clothes,contents目录,eaves屋檐,minutes记录,morals道德，品行,suburbs郊区,wages以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致问题6.由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings剪下来的东西,diggings掘出的东西,earnings,filings锉屑,lodgings租住的房间,surroundings环境,sweepings扫拢的垃圾通常做复数。但是tidings（消息）即可做复数又可做单数。以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致问题7.以-s结尾的单复数同形的名词，动词的形式取决于这些名词是用单数还是复数。如：barracks营房,headquarters总部,means方法，手段,series系列,species种类,works工厂等。Abarrackswasstormedbytheenemytroops.Twobarracksinthesuburbshavebeensurrounded.Anewspeciesofmammal(哺乳动物)hasbeenfound.Altogether,about450speciesofflatfish(比目鱼)areknown.以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致问题8.有的名词用作单数和复数意义不同比如odds,remains.What’stheodds?(有什么要紧？)Theoddsareagainstus.(我们成功的机会很小。)Remains用作“遗体”时用复数动词。Hisremainslieinthechurchyard.用作“遗迹”，“剩余物”时用单数复数都可以。Theremainsofthemealwere/wasfedtothedog.集体名词作为主语的主谓一致问题下列集体名词常用作单数概念。politics，work／homework，brainsmerchandise，knowledge，news／informationmathematics，physics，meansworks，machinery，potteryclothing，baggage，luggagefurniture，gymnasticsphonetics，economics按以上排列顺序编成顺口溜进行记忆，即：政治工作靠头脑，商品知识靠情报。数学物理方法妙，工厂机器造瓷陶。衣物行李全卖掉，留下家具学体操。语音学不如经济学，这些名词要记牢。如下一些集体名词一般只用作复数概念。militia，youthcattle，glasses，spectaclescompasses，scissors，armsclothes，trouserstimes，doings，surroundingsthanks，mannersashes，remainsstairs，forces／troopsfireworkssavings，belongings，richespoliceclergy，people记忆口诀：（A）小民兵，年轻人，骑着牲口戴眼镜。圆规剪刀做武器，衣服裤子全脱净。感激礼貌都不懂。（B）看见灰堆里有遗体，爬上楼梯叫大兵（军队），灰堆仍在冒烟火，存款财富都烧尽。警察许诺要查清，抓住牧师来示众。如下一些集体名词既可用作单数概念也可用作复数概念。club，choruspublic，audience，crewcrowed，group，teamgovernment，company，committeefamily，class，partly按其顺序可以编一顺口溜：俱乐部，合唱团，公众、听众是船员。人群、小组和小队，政府公司委员会。家庭班级和政党，单复概念均无妨。并列结构做主语由and,both…and连接的并列结构做主语，看意义定单复数BothPaulineandBobhavegonefishingonMiramarLake.Rain,hailandwindhavecausedanestimated$22,000,OOOdamagetocropsandlivestock.Thesecretaryandtreasurerwasabsentfromthemeeting.Hamandeggsisagoodbreakfast.在and连接并列名词词组带有every,each,manya等限定词时，其后的动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlinthisroomisentitledtoacopy.Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.Or/nor/either…or连接的并列主语做主语•Or，nor，either…or，neither…or,notonly…butalso连接的并列结构做主语，按照就近原则处理。Mysistersormybrotherislikelytobeathome.EithermyfatherormybrothersareComing.Neithertheplayersnorthecoachwas/(were)over-confident.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhas/(have)beenchanged.在非正式的文体中除了nor之外其他的几个后面可以跟复数动词。主语+Asmuchas等•依据主语本身而定•Someoftheworkersasmuchasthemanagerwereresponsiblefortheloss.•Mywife,morethananybodyelseinthefamily,isanxioustogothereagain.•Man,nolessthanthelowerformsoflife,istheproductoftheevolutionaryprocess.表示数量概念的名词词组做主语（二）4.onein/oneoutof+复数名词动词用单数，非正式文体可用“就近原则”Oneintenstudentshas/havefailedtheexam.Oneoutoftwentywas/werebadlydamaged.5.“allof,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...,lotsof,heapsof,loadsof,scadsof,plentyofnoun”+名词，动词根据of-词组中的名词类别而定A1lofthecargowaslost.Allofthecrewweresaved.Lotsoffoodisgoingtowaste.Lotsofpeoplearewaitingoutside表示数量概念的名词词组做主语（三）6.“aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof”+名词动词用单数Asubstantialportionofthereportsismissing.Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.7.Akind/sort/typeof,thiskind/sort/typeof,中，of后面只用单数名词或不可数名词，动词用单数Thiskindofmanannoysme.Thattypeofcarisold-fashioned.如果用复数名词必须这样用：Rosesofthiskindareverysweet.Carsofthattypeareold-fashioned.出现在thesekindsof,many/severalkindsof之后的名词可以是单数或不可数名词，也可以是复数，动词用复数Therearemanydifferentkindsofsnakeinthemountains.ThesetypesofcarareimportedformJapan.Thereareseveralsortsofcheeseforsaleintheshop.在非正式文体中下面的表达也是对的Thesekindofmenareunreliable.Thosetypeofmachinetoolsareoutofdate.表示数量概念的名词词组做主语（一）1.数量被看做整体，用单数，被看做多个个体用复数Hethoughtthat65dollarswasnottoomuchtoask.Therewere6silverdollarsineachofthestockings.2.分数/百分数+of-词组动词由of-名词词组中的名词决定Over60%ofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.Two-thirdsoftheswamplandhasbenreclaimedforfarming.Nearly50%ofthedoctorsarewomen.3.两数相减或相除用单数，两数相加或相乘单复数均可Sevenplus/andfive(7+5〉makes/maketwelve.Fortyminusfifteen(40-15)leavestwenty-five.Fivetimeseight(5×8)is/areforty.Fortydividedbyeight(40÷8)isfive.8.如果主语由manya+名词或morethanone+名词动词用单数Manyamanhasdonehisduty.Morethanonegamewaslost.9.“anaverageof/amajorityof+复数名词“如果表示多个个体，动词用复数，如果不表示多个个体，则动词用单数。Anaverageof25personsapplyeachmonth.Anaverageof25applicationsamonthisnotunusual1.Whatmakeseachdivisiondifferentis/areafewthings:time,place,traditionandleadership.2.Whattheywantis/aresomefinancialaids.3.Toknowmerelythemainfactsis/arenot