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被动语态“焦点访谈”同学们,“语法锦囊”蓝木和大家见面了,请细心关注本期节目,本期的焦点是:被动语态的用法。【焦点一】什么是被动语态?它是这样构成的?【主持人】被动语态表明一个被动动作,它由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化规则与系动词be完全一样。请看下表:时态主语为单数的被动语态构成主语为复数的被动语态构成一般现在时is/amdonearedone一般过去时wasdoneweredone一般将来时willbedone/is(am)goingtobedonewillbedone/aregoingtobedone情态动词may/can/must/shouldbedonemay/can/must/shouldbedone被动语态否定式为“benotdone”,情态动词被动语态否定式为“情态动词+notbedone”。【焦点二】在什么情况下要使用被动语态?【主持人】在下列情况下要使用被动语态:1.行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如:Footballisplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球。2.不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如:Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被盗了。3.汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等意时。例如:Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseanddroppedsomemoneydownachimney.据说,有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上,往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。4.汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如:WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao.魏华是被林涛叫来的。5.汉语中没有“被”、“由”等词,而在句中加上这类词使句意通顺。例如:Theresongsareusuallysungbyboys.这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。(在“是”后面可以加上“由”)6.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如:HewasborninOctober,1989.他出生于1989年10月。7.表示礼貌时。例如:YouarefriendlyvisitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00pmtomorrow.敬请您明天晚上八点参加我们的英语晚会。【焦点三】那么在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢?【主持人】在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态:1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。例如:误:ThestorywashappenedinLondon.正:ThestoryhappenedinLondon.2.表示状态的动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等,往往不能用于被动语态。如:误:Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt.正:Theshirtfitshimverywell.3.某些“不及物动词+介词”构成的短语动词,如listento,walkinto,falloff等,往往不使用被动语态。例如:误:Theroomwaswalkedintobyhim.正:Hewalkedintotheroom.4.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如:误:Theblackboardislookedat(byyou).正:Lookattheblackboard,please.5.主语和宾语所指的对象相同时,不能用于被动语态。例如:误:Eachothermustbehelpedbyus.正:Wemusthelpeachother.6.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时,不能用于被动语态。例如:误:TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998.正:HejoinedtheLeaguein1998.7.动词不定式或V-ing形式作宾语时,不能用于被动语态。例如:误:TowatchTVislikedbythem.正:TheyliketowatchTV.误:Listeningtotheradioisenjoyedbyhim.正:Heenjoyslisteningtotheradio.8.主语句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时,往往不使用被动语态。例如:误:Threeyuanispaidforthesetomatoesbyher.正:Shepaysthreeyuanforthesetomatoes.9.由“动词+名词”构成的英语短语(如makefaces,makefriends,takeplace等)一般不可用于被动语态。例如:误:Facesaremadebytheboyinclass.正:Theboymakesfacesinclass.10.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。例如:误:Yourselfmustbelookedafter.正:Youmustlookafteryourself.Unit9易混词语辨析一、invent;discovery;find1.invent意为“发明”,指通过思考、实验和研究等发明了以前不存在的物品。如:Heinventedanewmethodtomakebread.他发明了一种新的做面包的方法。AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.在1876年亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。2.discover意为“发现、看出”,常指通过调查、实验等发现原已存在,但尚未被人了解、认识或挖掘到的事物。如:Anewcoalmienwasdiscoveredinthisdistrict.这个地区发现了一个新的煤矿。3.find意为“发现、找到”,可指偶然发现或经过一番努力才得到所需的或丢失的东西,强调结果。如:Theyfoundhimsomewheretolive.他们为他找到了个住处。Theyhavefoundthelostboy.他们已经找到了那个丢失的男孩儿。二、pleasant;pleased;pleasing1.pleasant是常用词,指“愉快的”,强调所形容的人或物有给予愉快的性质。如:Wespentaverypleasantevening.我们度过了一个非常愉快的夜晚。WehadapleasantjourneytoHongKong.我们去香港的旅程很愉快。2.pleased意为“喜悦的、满意的”指对某人或某事感到满意,含有被动意味,主语往往是人,多作表语,常用句型有:bepleasedtodosth.;bepleasedwithsb./sth.;bepleased+从句。如:Myfriendsaresuretobepleasedtoseeme.我的朋友见到我肯定会很高兴。Tom’sfatherispleasedwithhisanswer.汤姆的爸爸对他的回答很满意。I’mverypleasedthatyoucancometomybirthdayparty.你能来参加我的生日晚会我很高兴。3.pleasing指“令人愉快的”,表示能取悦于他人。如:Thefoodispleasingtomytaste.这饭菜正合我的口味。Heisapleasingyoungman.他是个讨人喜欢的男孩儿。Unit9要点牵手中考考点1.[课本要点]—Whenwasthetelephoneinvented?—Ithinkitwasinventedin1876.[中考考点]—When___thetelephone___,doyouknow?—Yes.In1876.()A.was,inventedB.is,inventedC.did,inventD.had,invented答案:A2.[课本要点]Thecustomerwashappyintheend.[中考考点]Atlastthechildrencametoabeautifulplacewithgreengrass.A.BytheendB.ThenC.AtthesametimeD.Intheend答案:D3.[课本要点]AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,theemperorShenNongdiscoveredteawhenhewasboilingdrinkingwateroveranopenfire.[中考考点]Thisis_______ancientlegend.Haveyoueverheardofit?()A.aB.anC.theD.×答案:B4.[课本要点]Thesportofbasketballisalittlemorethanahundredyearsold.[中考考点]Thereareovertwothousandstudentsinthisschool.()A.aboutB.morethanC.lessthanD.almost答案:B5.[课本要点]Sincethen,…andthenumberofforeignplayersinAmerica’sNBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)hasincreased.[中考考点]—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?—_______thestudentsinourschool_______overtwothousand.()A.Thenumberof,isB.Thenumberof,areC.Anumberof,is答案:A第9单元同步验收练习词汇I.根据句意,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.Atleast50personswereinjured,________(include)fivepolicemen.2.Ihopeyou’llhavea________(please)holiday.3.Look!Theseare________(wood)desks.4.Theydon’tlikeeatingthesenoodlesbecausetheyaretoo________(salt).5.Thisradiohasfoursmall________(battery).II.根据汉语意思或英文首字母提示,完成句中所缺的单词。6.Pleasestop________(投、掷)thestonesatthewindow!It’sdangerous.7.IfyougotoBeijing,you’llseemany_______(古代的)buildings.8.Therearesomeapplesinthis________(篮子).9.Youshouldnotspendallyourtime_______(在户内).10.Whenthesunhas________(上升),wecanseethetopofthemountaincoveredwithbrightgoldensunshine.11.Look!Thereisab________overthere.Let’sgoandbuysomebread.12.Manychildrenlikeeatingc________cookies.Theyarehard,dryandeasilybroken.13.Them________ovencanmakefoodhotverysoon.14.Ac________isonehundredyears.15.Pleasegoandseewhoisk________atthedoor.PartTwo.同步语法A.将下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态。16.Weclosethedooratseveno’clockeveryevening._____________________________________17.Didyougrowthesevegetablesinyourowngarden?_____________________________________18.Hismothermakeslotsofdumplingsonweek
本文标题:初三U9单元测试题
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