全自动动平衡校正机设计

黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书第I页动平衡机自动化校正系统设计摘要如今动平衡技术已经非常成熟，但是传统的动平衡机只能完成转子的动平衡测试，而很多情况下转子的动平衡校正还是由人工完成，所以生产效率比较低。为适应现代企业高效率的生产要求，动平衡测试与自动校正一体机已成为必然趋势和主流。本文综合考虑国内外自动化程度不同的各型平衡机优缺点，开发出一种可用于中小型电机转子动平衡的R型铣削校正方式双工位全自动平衡机。系统结构采用模块化设计思想，多线程协调统筹动作，信号动作状态线图进行程序流程及时序分析，具有结构分立及合并方便，生产节拍精简，运行可靠，高校正精度等特点。为保证系统平衡精度，本文在多有文献论述的测量系统精度控制的研究基础上，重点对铣削校正系统的精度控制进行目标分析和提出应用方案。文章首先详细分析各因素对平衡校正精度的相对重要性和控制难度，包括R型铣槽动不平衡量的多因素影响、相位误差因素影响、校正平面位置偏差因素影响等，得出：侧吃刀量分散度和铣刀刀尖过渡刃长度尺寸公差是转子R型铣削校正精度控制的主要因素，并且相位误差及校正平面位置偏差也是重要目标。如何实现转子的全自动动平衡校正是本文研究的重点。为此，文章研究探讨了转子的校正策略，结合转子的实际外形并考虑到校正过程的操作简便性，本系统采用在转子的端面钻孔去重的校正方法。在此基础上分析了各种情况下进刀量和不平衡质量大小的关系，并建立了去重数学模型。随后针对校正过程中存在的误差进行了理论分析。在控制系统的研究中，文章对系统的总体结构和总体方案进行了设计。伺服技术是系统实现去重自动化并保证校正精度的关键。文章对主轴伺服和进给伺服的关键技术也进行了详细的研究。包括主轴伺服的调速原理和定向控制，脉冲比较进给伺服的原理，关键电路的设计与分析。并对交流伺服系统中的电子齿轮进行了研究。另外，对去重系统软件的流程进行了设计。关键词动平衡，全自动平衡机，铣削用量黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书第II页AutomaticdynamicbalancecorrectionmachinedesignAbstractNowadays,Dynamicbalancingtechnologyhasbeenwellestablished,butthefunctionofthetraditionalbalancingmachinesislimitedtorotors’unbalancingtest.Inmanycases,therotors’balanceadjustmentisstilldonebyhand,sotheproductivityisrelativelylow.Thisthesiscomprehensivelyconsideredrelativemeritsofdiversiformbalancingmachinesofdifferentautomaticlevelathomeandabroad,anddevelopedonedoubleworking-positiontypeofautomateddynamicbalancing,whichappliestomicro-midielectricmachinerotor’sR-millingbalancecorrection.Toassuresystemaccuracy,thewriterfocusesontheaccuracyanalysisofbalancingcorrectionsystemandpropositionofresolutionmethods,foundedontheaccuracycontrolofbalancemeasurementsystemwhichhasbeendiscussedinnumerousliteratures.Firstly,relativeimportanceandcontroldifficultiesofvariousfactorswhichimpactoncorrectionaccuracyareanalyzedindetail.Theworkreachesresultsthatdepthdispersionofside-cutandchamferedcornerlengthtoleranceofmillingcuttertoolnosearethemainfactors,aswellasphaseerrorandplacedeviationofcorrectionplane.Thentherelationshipbetweenfeedvolumeandunbalancequalityisanalyzed,onthebasisofwhichthede-weightingmathematicalmodelisestablished.Besides,thepossibleamendingerroristheoreticallyanalyzed.Fortheresearchofthecontrollingsystem,theskeletonofthemechanicalconfigurationandthecontrollingformulaarefirstlyintroduced.Servosystemisakeytechnologytotherealizationofautomaticde-weightingandtoensurethecorrectingprecision.So,thekeytechnologyofservosystemisalsoresearchedinthispaper,includingspindleservoandfeedingservosystem.Forthespindleservosystem,thefocusisontheresearchofthespeedadjustingprincipleandthemethodofpositioncontrolling.Forthefeedingservosystem,theprincipleofpulsecomparisonisfirstlyintroduced,thensomekeycircuitsaredesignedandanalyzed.Besides,theelectronicgearusedintheACservosystemisalsoresearched.Forthesoftware,thede-weightingprocedureisdesigned.黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书第III页Keywords:DynamicBalancing,AutomatedBalancingMachine,MillingDosa黄河科技学院毕业设计说明书第IV页目录1绪论....................................................................................................................................11.1课题背景及目的...............................................................................................................11.2国内外研究状况...............................................................................................................11.3课题研究内容及要求.......................................................................................................12转子的动平衡原理..............................................................................................................52.1转子产生不平衡的原因及其危害...................................................................................52.2不平衡的种类...................................................................................................................72.3刚性转子的动平衡原理...................................................................................................72.4挠性转子的动平衡原理...................................................................................................72.5校正理论研究...................................................................................................................82.5.1校正方法简介............................................................................................................82.5.2全自动平衡机系统的组成........................................................................................92.5.3全自动平衡机系统的控制流程.............................................................................102.5.4R型铣削模型.........................................................................................................103全自动动平衡机的系统构架............................................................................................133.1平衡机的分类.................................................................................................................133.2系统构架.........................................................................................................................143.2.1平衡机......................................................................................................................143.2.2去重机............................................