国际都市农业发展的经验及其借鉴

27220083GEOGRAPHICALRESEARCHVol127,No12Mar1,2008:2007206218;:2007212205:(IDRC)AGROPOLISRUAF(KZCX22SW2318202):(19612),,,,E2mail:caijm@igsnrr1ac1cn1,2,3(11,100101;21,3508TC;31,,7500AA):,,;,,;;;;;:;;;;;:100020585(2008)0220362213,,,,,,,,,,2080,,,12019351950,:,(),,2:363[1,2],,,2080,,[3];;,,,[4],[5],[6];[7,8],,[9],,,,,,,2211,,,,[10],205070,,,2070,,1820,1862521160,20,89%,81%,83%,77%,15617hm2[11,12],2050,,17619%,8111%,9613%,8719%,8412%,,[13]:,500,,,;36427,;,,,:();;;,,[14],,,,,,300,,,,[14]212,,20,,19,,,,[10],20,,,[15],,,,13,,,,59hm2(49%),2719hm2(23%),27%,,,,,,,,202:36580,2000,25000[11],,20011106hm2,1/4,,,,(CO2);,,2070,1/4,91%;3664m29495m2,1hm2,3hm2[16],1995,9115%,815%7000,70%,11%,6%[16],3217hm2,55%;45hm2,16%;2600hm29300hm2,2%;1800hm2500hm2,013%011%20,,,2070,21,,5,1094,1997,11271,400m2,[12],,,,,1984,,,,,,,,,;;,,;,,[16],,,36627,75%,39012%,330,3%316%,45[14],60%,,,2468;,1186;,14106;,1961199945[16],25%,,,,,,,,,,58%-,,,,[14],,,,,,[13]1919;1983,,10[12],22hm2,;,,,,213205070,19561973,4219,,,,,[10];,;2060,,,,,2060,,2:367,,,,206070,,,,,,2070,,,;,[11],,,,,,,,,,,,,,74,[14],;90%,,,;,[16],,,,,198042%,[17],,,,70,,,,90,36827,[10]2080,1983,;19901992,[10],,,,,,,,2060,,,,,6,,,,,,,,60007000[15]21420,90,80%,,,,2060,,,,IztapalapaAlavaroobregon,2070,,[18],,,;,;,[18]20,,,,;,,2:3691997,,[19],,,,,,[20,21],:,[22][21];,[23];,[24];,[25];,[18],3,,,,(1)311,(),;,;,;,[26],,,,,,;,,,1,,,,,,,;,,,370271Tab11Experiencesofurbanagriculturaldevelopmentinthemajorcountries()/;;1862;;,,,,19191983,,,,25%;,,,,,;;,2070,;;;,:2:371312,,,,,,;,,,,,;,,,,,,()(),;,,,,,,,,,313,,,,,,,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,[27],,314,,,,(),,,,,37227,,,,,,315,,,,;,,,,,,(),()[13],,,,:,;,,;,;,2530%,5%,12%[14]316,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,GDP016%,3[28],,,,,,,2:373:[1]UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme1UrbanAgriculture:Food,JobsandSustainableCities1Publications,SeriesforHabitatII,vol111UNDP,20061[2]LucJAMougeot1Urbanagriculture:Conceptanddefinition1UrbanAgricultureMagazine,2000,1:571[3]EllisF,SumbergJ1Foodproduction,urbanareasandpolicyresponses1WorldDevelopment,1998,26(2):2132251[4]RakodiC1Self2RelianceorSurvival?FoodProductioninAfricanCitieswithParticularReferencetoZambia1Pres2entedtoUrbanFoodSuppliesandPeri2urbanUrbanAgricultureWorkshop1London:CentreforAfricanStudies,SchoolforOrientalandAfricanStudies,19881[5]LynchK,BinnsT,OlofinE1UrbanagricultureunderthreatthelandsecurityquestioninKano,Nigeria1Cities,2001,18(3):1591711[6]SawioC1WhoarethefarmersofDaresSalaam?In:Egziabheretal1(eds1)1CitiesFeedingPeople:AnExamina2tionofUrbanAgricultureinEastAfrica1Ottawa:InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre,1994:25461[7]Lee2SmithD,MemonPA1In:Egziabheretal1(eds1)1CitiesFeedingPeople:AnExaminationofUrbanAgricul2tureinEastAfrica.Ottawa:InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre,1994.67841[8]AshebirD,MPasquini,etal1UrbanagricultureinMekelle,Tigraystate,Ethiopia:Principalcharacteristics,op2portunitiesandconstraintsforfurtherresearchanddevelopment1Cities,2007,24(3):2182281[9]EgziabherAG1Urbanfarming,co2operativesandtheurbanpoorinAddisAbaba1In:Egziabheretal1(eds1)1Cit2iesFeedingPeople:AnexaminationofurbanagricultureinEastAfrica1Ottawa:InternationalDevelopmentRe2searchCentre,1994:67841[10],,11,2005,14(3):1319.[11]11,2005,2:69731[12]11,20001621231[13],11,2005,33(7):129612971[14],11,2005,24:87881[15]11:,2002.10551[16]11,2005,12:37391[17],11,2005,8:42451[18]PabolTorresLima,LuisManuelRodriguezSanchez1MexicoCity:TheIntegrationofurbanagriculturetocontainurbansprawl,GrowingCities1Germany:ProffOffsetdruck,Eurasburg(InWent),April20001363391[19]11:,11:,200412112171[20]BryldE1Potentials,problems,andpolicyimplicationsforurbanagricultureindevelopingcountries1AgricultureandHumanValues,2003,20(1):79861[21]NelE,GHampwaye,etal1UrbanagricultureaslocalinitiativeinLusaka,Zambia1Environment&PlanningC:Government&Policy,2007,25(4):5535721[22]MargsaretArmar2Klemesu,DanielMaxwell1Accra:Urbanagricultureasanassetstrategy,supplementingin2comesanddiets1GrowingCities1Germany:ProffOffsetdruck,Eurasburg(InWent),April2000:1832091[23]PetraJacobi,JrgAmend,SuzanKiango1UrbanagricultureinDaressalaam:Providingforanindispensablepartofthediet1GrowingCities1Germany:ProffOffsetdruck,Eurasburg(InWent),April200012572851[24]DickFoeken,AliceMboganieMwangi1IncreasingfoodsecuritythroughurbanfarminginNairobi1GrowingCities1Germany:ProffOffsetdruck,Eurasburg(InWent),April200013033291[25]MarioGonzalezNovo,CatherineMurphy1UrbanagricultureinthecityofHavana:Apopularresponsetoacrisis1GrowingCities1Germany:ProffOffsetdruck,Eurasburg(InWent),April200013293491[26],,.1,2006,25,(6):106310731[27],11,2007,26(2):374273633731[28],11,2000,12:43461DevelopingChinasurbanagriculturebylearningfrominternationalexperiencesCAIJian2ming1,YANGZhen2shan2,3(11InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;21DepartmentofHumanGeography&UrbanandRegionalPlanning,UtrechtUniversity(UU),3508TCUtrecht,theNL;31UrbanandRegionalPlanningandGeo2InformationManagement,InternationalInstituteforGeo2InformationScienceandEarthObservation(ITC),7500AAEnschede,theNL)Abstract:Urbanagricultureisabrand2newcon