初中英语语法各个时态的标志和时态间的区别

第-1-页共9页英语中各个时态的标志和时态间的区别一）一般现在时。（do/does,am/is/are,情态动词）a.一般现在时表示的是客观事实或平时反复做的事情通常有频率副词always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，onceaweek，everyday等。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.JapanlieseastofChina.Heisneverlateforschool.Heoftengetsupatsixeveryday.Catscanclimbtrees.Iheartheyhavemovedintoanewhouse.Hewritestohisfatheronceayear.b.一般现在时还可以表示、安排好的，或即将发生的事，通常使用瞬间动词come，start，begin，return，leave等。如：Myplaneleavesat6:00a.m..Isthereanymeetingtoday?Thegamestartsat8:00.（二）现在进行时。（am/is/aredoing）a.现在进行时表示现在或最近正在做的事情，后面一般接延续性的动词，都表示动作没有进行完。如：Look!Theboyisdancing.Heiswatchingafootballgame.Whatareyoudoingnow?Theyarepreparingfortheexamrecently.b.还常与always，usually，constantly，forever，continually等词连用表示一种语气，“总是，老是…”，如：Heisalwaysworkinglate.第-2-页共9页Whyareyoualwaysmakingthiskindofmistake?Heiscontinuallygettingintotroublewiththepolice.c.后面接暂转动词时表示正在反复的动作，或表示将来时（一般只有go,come,leave和have）如：Themonkeysarejumping.Theyarehittingthetree.表将来：Wearegoingswimmingthisafternoon.Theyareleavinghere.TheyarehavinganEnglishclasstomorrow.试比较：Heisdoinghishomeworkuntilhisparentscometotakehimhome.Hewilldohishomeworkuntilhisparentscometotakehimhome.注：表示知觉、感觉、看法、认识、情感或愿望的动词和大部分暂转动词不能用现在进行时。如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,like,hate,dislike,want,love,hate,want,know,forget,remember,understand,believe,suppose,mean,wish,hope,need,believe,refuse,suppose,have,fit,seem,fear,own等（三）现在完成时a.现在完成时中用瞬间动词表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作对现在还有影响，句中的时间副词主要有already,yet,now,bythistime,bynow等；用延续动词表示过去已经开始持续到现在而且还有可能继续持续下去的动作，句中的时间副词主要有thisweek,inthepast/last/recentfewyears,since…,for…。如：Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.Hehasn’tarrivedhereyet.Theyhavebeenherefortenyears.Hehaswaitedheresincehecame.*与一般过去时比较，看下面一段对话：A:Haveyouseenmybook?IthinkIhavelostit.第-3-页共9页B:Yes,I______(see)itonyourtablejustnow.Butit______(notbe)thereanylonger.Whereandwhen______you______(lose)it?A:IthinkI______(lose)ityesterday.B:______you______(find)it?A:______.(Yes./No.)b.现在完成时中的瞬间动词与延续动词的相互转化：havefinished/stopped/ended→havebeenoverhavestarted/begun→havebeenonhavejoined→havebeenin/amemberofhaveturned/become/got→havebeenhaveleft→havebeenawayfromhavearrived/reached/gotto→havebeenhavedied→havebeendeadhavemarried/gotmarriedtosb.→havebeenmarriedtosb.（四）一般将来时。（will/shalldo,am/is/aregoingtodo,am/is/aredoing,am/is/areabouttodo）a.一般将来时表示将要发生或打算做的事情，如：Hewillcomebackintwodays.Whenwillhegivethebookbacktome?It’sgoingtorain.Wearegoingtoholdasportsmeetingnextweek.TheyareleavingforNewYork.Heisabouttoleave.（五）一般过去时。（did,was/were,情态动词过去式）a.一般过去时表示在过去的某个时间发生的具体事情，一般都要有表示过去的时间状语，如：Hewenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.第-4-页共9页Wehadagoodtimelastnight.Hecouldcountto1000whenhewasthree.Hewasateacherbefore.注意：在直接引语转换成间接引语时时间状语的变化：如:Hesaid,“Ididityesterday.”→Hesaidhediditthedaybefore.today→thatdayyesterday→the/a/onedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterday→2daysbeforelastweek→theweekbefore2weeksago→2weekbeforetomorrow→thenextday/thedayafter或one/adaylaterthedayaftertomorrow→2daysafter/laterinaweek/nextweek→thenextweekin2weeks→2weeksafter/later（六）过去进行时。（was/weredoing）a.过去进行时表示在过去的某个具体时间里正在发生的事情，如：Hewasreadingnewspaperatsevenyesterdayevening.TheSmithsarewatchingTVatninelastnight.Whenhegothome,hismotherwascooking.b.或过去的某段时间里持续发生的事情，如：IwasstudyingEnglishinLondonfrom1990to1992.Hewaswashingthedishesfromseveno’clocktoseventhirty.（七）过去完成时a.表示在过去的一个动作之前就已经完成的动作，即过去之过去。注意与现在完成时不同的是过去完成时必须要有具体的时间状语。第-5-页共9页如：Thetrainhadleftbeforeshegottothestation.Theyhadlearnt2000wordsbytheendoflastmonth.Hehadbeenadoctorfor3yearsbeforehecamehere.Hegotbackthebookthathehadleftintheclassroom.Nosoonerhadhegottothecinemathanthefilmbegan.Hardlyhadhegottothecinemawhenthefilmbegan.注意：如果两个或几个动作连续发生且衔接紧密时用一连串的一般过去式即可。如：Helockedthedoorandwentaway.Mr.Smithwenttothemarket,boughtsomeflowersandwenttoseehisfriends.HesentatelegraphhomebeforeheleftParis.（八）过去将来时。（would/should,was/weregoingtodo,was/weredoing）a.过去将来时表示在过去某时就打算做的事情，或相对于过去将要发生的事情。如：TheyweregoingswimmingwhenImetthem.HesaidhewouldgotoNewYork.Yesterdayhesaiditwasgoingtorain,butitdidn’t.（九）复合时态。高中阶段所学到的复合时态主要有：完成进行时，将来完成时和将来进行时。A.完成进行时表示到目前为止一直在做某事。过去完成进行时还可以表示刚刚结束的进行动作。如：Hehasbeenpaintingthehousethewholemorning.Theyhavebeenpromisingustoriseoursalarytheseyears.Theyhadbeendoingtheirhomeworkfor3hoursbeforeIcame.Iaskedhimwhathehadjustbeendoing?HehadjustbeensleepingbeforeIgotthere.第-6-页共9页B.将来完成时表示，到将来某时即将结束的动作。如：Wewillhavelearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendofnextterm.Theywillhavefinisheditby12:00tomorrow.C.将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。如：Wewillbesleepingatthistimetomorrow.Shewillbewaitingthereat8a.m.ifyouaskherto.区别：一、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别(1)现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I’mreadingastorynow.我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)Ireadstoriesinmysparetime.我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)(2)现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表示动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如：Whatareyoudoingthesedays?这几天你在干什么？TheyarelearningEnglishinthesummerholiday.他们暑假在学英语。TheyreadEnglisheveryday.他们每天读英语。TheyplayvolleyballeverySunday.他们每周星期天都打排球。(3)表示短促动作的动词(如jump,knock,beat,pick,skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如：Thegirlsarejumpingoverthere.女孩子们在那边跳。Hisheartisbeatingfast.他的心脏跳得很快。(4)某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope,wonder,want等)的进行时可以表示委第-7-页共9页婉客气。如：I’mwonderingwhetheryoucanhelpusnow.我不知道你现在能否帮