初中英语语法专项习题2.冠词

1初中英语语法专项复习上海求实教育内部资料冠词（art.）用在名词前,帮助说明其意义冠词分为不定冠词a／an和定冠词the,放在名词前、a／an用在单数可数名词前,a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前）。1.不定冠词（1）不定冠词的用法①泛指—类人或物。eg.Thisisapencilcase.She’Sadoctor.②指不具体的某个人或物。eg.ImetanoldmanOnmywayhome.③用在序数词前,相当于another.eg.There’sathirdboyneartheshop.④表示“每—（个）”,相当于every.eg.Theyhavemusiclessonstwiceaweek.⑤固定搭配。alotOf,alot,alittle,afew,aglassOf,sucha／an,haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,tenYuanakilo（2）不定冠词的位置①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。eg,abike,anegg②当名词被such,what,many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishmyhomework.Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.Whatadangerousjobitis！Manyamanhasgonetothebigcitiesforwork.③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。Eg.Shewassoniceagirlthatshetooktheblindmantothestation.Howniceafilmthisis！④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时，不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。eg.Itisquiteagoodbook.Thatisratherausefultoo1.Thisisaveryinterestingstory2.定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。eg：lhavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theboy’snameisMark.Thegirl’snameisPenny.（2）特指某（些）人或物。eg：ThegirlinareddresscomesfromAmerica.（3）指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。eg：Myshoesareunderthebed.（4）用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。egTomisthetallerofthetwoboys.（5）用在序数词前。egMondayistheseconddayofaweek.（6）yo用在世界上独一无二的事物前（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。cgThemoonmovesroundtheearth.（7）用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。Therich（富人）,thepoor（穷人）,thedeaf（聋人）,theblind（盲人）,thedead（死者）,thewounded（伤员）（8）用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。eg.TheGreensarehavingdinnerathome.（9）用在乐器前。eg.playthepiano／guitar／violin／drums.（10）用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。2eg.Inthe1970s,ahighwaywasbuilttolinkupthecitywithmyhometown.Ithinkheisinthethirties.（11）用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。theUnitedNations,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,intheend,intheday,inthemiddleOf,allthetime,intheeast,bytheway,OnthewaytO,the（more）……the（more）…“越…越…”3.在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。inhospital（在住院）；inthehospital（在医院）inprison（在坐牢）；intheprison（在监狱里）attable（吃饭,用餐）；atthetable（在桌旁）infrontof（在某个范围之外的前面）；inthefrontof（在某个范围之外的前面）gotocollege（上大学）；gotothecollege（去那所大学）takeplace（发生）；taketheplace（代替）定冠词用法小结口诀a.口诀1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);theRedSea,thePacificOcean,thePersianGulf,theYangtzeRiverTheGreatLakes(五大湖）；LakeErie(伊利湖）2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the:Mars,Venus;3.有山无峰：TheHuangshanMountains(黄山）；MountEverest(珠穆朗玛峰）；Mount(orMt.)Tai(泰山）.4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，theearth,themoon,thesun用the;欧洲等七大洲不用the.Europe,Africa,Asia,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Antarctica,Oceania5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:theIndians(印第安人)；球类运动baseball,basketball6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用theTheConstitution(宪法）;chapterone7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;TheUniversityofFudan;FudanUniversity零冠词精讲1.专有名词前一般不加冠词China中国Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚2.月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣诞节Thanksgiving感恩节NationalDay国庆节MayDay劳动节比较：...onaSundaymorning.在一个星期天的早晨...（表示某一个。）3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词Ihavelunchatschool.我在学校吃午餐。Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。比较：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）ThedinnergivenbyMrSmithwasverynice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）比较：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.3我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指）4.进行球类运动playbasketball打篮球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球5.没有特指的物质名词Thiscartismadeofwood.这辆手推车是用木头作的。比较：Thewoodoutsidewasallwet.外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）6.没有特指的不可数抽象名词Timeisprecious.时间是宝贵的。比较：Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）7.没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。8.山峰MountQomolangma珠穆朗玛峰9.固定词组gotoschool去上学gotobed上床睡觉gobytrain乘火车去gobyboat乘船去attable在用餐inhospital住院atschool求学inschool求学atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atmidnight在半夜intown在城里10.独立结构中的名词不加冠词Aboycamein,bookinhand.一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。11.泛指人类Manismortal.人必有一死。12.在kindof＋名词sortof＋名词句式中Whatkindofflowerisit?这是什么花？Ilikethissortofbook.我喜欢这种书。13.指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman等。Heis(the)captainoftheteam.他是球队的队长。As(the)chairmanofthecommittee,Ideclarethemeetingopen.作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。3.不用冠词的情况（1）名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。eg.Thatgirlismyfriend.（2）名词前有物主代词my,your,hisher,their等时不用冠词。eg.Lucyishersister.（3）名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。eg.WhichmanisMrGreen？Eachstudenthasabeautifulpicture.（4）复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.（5）物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snowiswhite.（6）抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Doesshelikemusic？（7）在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.playbasketball／soccer／chess（8）在三餐前不用冠词。eg.havebreakfast／lunch／supper／dinner（9）在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina,China,TiananmenSquare,Beijing,University,NewYear’sDay,Tuesday,January（10）在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。4eg.MyfavoriteisEnglish.|1练习题()1HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a()2Alittleboywrote____Uand___nonthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()3_____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a()4Therearesixtyminutesin____hour.A.anB.theC.aD./()5Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.A.an;anB.an;theC.ah;aD.a;a()6Acomputerisusefultoolin'oworldtoday.A.an;theB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a2()1Wehaveneverseen____interestingfilm.A.suchB.suchanC.soD.sucha()2MrsSmithis____friendof__A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine()3Heis___boy.A.aseven-years-oldB.aneight-year-oldC.theseven-year-oldD.aneight-year-older()4Fsaw____