旅游可持续发展研究__以色季拉山国家级森林公园为

西藏大学硕士学位论文基于生态足迹分析方法的旅游可持续发展研究——以色季拉山国家级森林公园为例姓名：王颖申请学位级别：硕士专业：生态学指导教师：张敏20100501I20052009120052009581.244391hm2106373.6264hm2105792.38hm20.010282208hm22.374667322hm22.364385115hm223121035,,AbstractIIAbstractTouristattractionsarethebasisforcarryingouttourismanditssustainabledevelopmentisthedemandfortourism’ssustainabledevelopment.Basedonecologicalfootprintmodel,tourists’ecologicalconsumptionandstructuralcharacteristics,theecologicalfootprinttheoryisintroducedtoassessthesustainabledevelopmentoftourismarea,andtheessaydescribestheconceptofecologicalfootprintoftourism,andbuildsthesub-modelofecologicalfootprintsincludingtourismtransport,accommodation,dining,shopping,sightseeing,leisureandentertainmenttourism.Themodelconvertstheconsumptionandsupplyoftouristsintoecologicalfootprintandecologicalcarryingcapacityseparately.Bycomparingtheanalysisofthissupplyanddemand,theessayanalyzesthetourismdevelopmentofthesustainabilityofpastorpresentquantitatively.TheessayselectsSejilaMountainNationalForestParkastheresearchobject,calculatesandanalyzestheVisitor'secologicalfootprintinSejilaMountainNationalForestParkfrom2005to2009andtheimpactoftourismonSejilaMountainNationalForestPark.Conclusions(1)TheaverageecologicalfootprintoftourisminSejilaMountainNationalForestParkis581.244391hm2from2005to2009,andtheaverageecologicalcarryingcapacityis106373.6264hm2,andthus105792.382hm2isleft;percapitaofecologicalfootprintis0.010282208hm2,andthatofecologicalcarryingcapacityoftourismis2.374667322hm2,and2.364385115hm2isleft.(2)Keyfactorsthataffectecologicalfootprintarethetouristsscale,touristconsumptionlevelandconsumptionpattern,andspatialbehavioroftourists.(3)SejilaMountainNationalForestParkpresentsthetotalecologicalfootprintoftourismecologicalsurplusamongfiveyears,Thisdevelopmentissustainable.Theessaypredictsthatabout12yearslaterSejilaGuoJiajiForesttourismecologicaldeficitappears,andentersnotsustainablestage;underthesameconditionsoftechnology,tourism,consumptionpatterns,tourism,protectionmeasuresasnow,ifeachannualtouristsarenotmorethan10.35millionpassengerssustainabledevelopmentoftourisminSejilaMountainNationalForestParkcanbeguaranteed.IIIKEYWORDSecologicalfootprintoftourism,sustainabledevelopment,SejilaMountainNationalForestPark12345::11987WECD[1]1.1[2]1.1.11.1.1.1(1985)IUCNHectorCeballosLascurain1983[3]20[4]1.1.1.2WiiliamRees[5]21.1.1.3GreenHunie(1992)EIA[6]McCoolCCCLAC[7]1.1.21.21-131.31.3.1122008620097341.3.21-2/41.3.3()5,52.12.1.1Wackernagel()[8](EcologicallyProductiveArea)[9-10]Hardin1991)[11]66(EquivalenceFactor)()Wackernagel(yieldfactor)[8]2-1[12]2-2.2-1arableland2.8pasture0.5forest1.1built-uparea2.8seaspace0.2fossilenergyland1.162-2arableland1.66pasture0.19forest0.91built-uparea1.66seaspace1fossilenergyland02.1.2(2-1)2-12.1.2.1[13]()∑===niiiipcrNNefEF1/(2-1)i12%/7EFNefiriciipi2.1.2.2[14]()∑===61/jjjjyraNNecEC(2-2)jECNecjajrjyWCED12%2.1.2.3EFECEDES−=/2-3ESED2.22.2.18ecologicalfootprintanalyses,EFAColinHunter(2002)[15]TEF(TourismecologicalfootprintTEF)2.2.2Wackernagel[16](2000)ColinHunter(2002)StefanGossling[17]20022000(Seychelles)117690Cole[18](2002)(Manali)30(19641994)(WWF-UK2002)[19](Majorca)(Cyprus)2.2.32004[20]200498%2%[1](2004)6620022005[21]9[22](2004)[23](2005)2001[24](2005)[25](2005)31313[26](2006)42005[27](2006)2.32.3.1(tourismecologicalfootprint)(2005)[24](2004)[1]102.3.2[24](2-2)2-211;()2.3.3[28]ententertainmshoppingvisitingtransportationaccomfoodTEFTEFTEFTEFTEFTEFTEF+++++=mod2-42.3.3.1()vfoodfoodfoodfoodFECSTEF×++=∑∑∑(2-5)foodTEFfoodSfoodCfoodEvFv1262-52-6()()[]vjjiitfoodFreDNpcDNSTEF×××+××+=∑∑∑//(2-6)tStNDicijrj2-3jejipi2-4122-3[29]GJ/hm2GJ/t5520.9349341.8689343.1249342.7059338.9787150.200aGJ1GJ=103MJ=109Jt1t=1000kg2-4[29]kg/hm227441800018000555667433501856457400502292.3.3.2()vationaccomationaccomationaccomFESTEF×+=∑∑modmodmod(2-7)ationaccomTEFmodationaccomSmodationaccomEmodvF12613StefanGossling20022-52-72-8()()[]viiiiiationaccomFreKNNSTEF××××+×=∑∑/365'mod(2-8)iSiiNi'iNi()21'iiitNN+×=itiiKiiei(2-5)r(2-4)2-5[30]m2MJ200011030070100406030503015402.3.3.3()vtransporttransporttransportFESTEF×+=∑∑(2-9)transportTEFtransportStransportEvFv1262-92-10[]vjjjiitransportFreDNKsTEF×××+×=∑∑)/()((2-10)isiiKijN14jjDjjejr2.3.3.4()vvisitingvisitingvisitingFESTEF×+=∑∑(2-11)visitingTEFvisitingSvisitingEvFv1262-112-12vivisitingFsTEF×=(2-12)isi2.3.3.5()vshoppingshoppingshoppingshoppingFECSTEF×++=∑∑∑(2-13)shoppingTEFshoppingSshoppingCshoppingEFvv1262-132-14()[]{}viiiishoppingFgpRsTEF×+=∑∑//2-14isiiRiipiigi2.3.3.615()vententertainmententertainmmententertaionFESTEF×+=∑∑(2-15)ententertainmTEFententertainmSententertainmEFvv1262-142-15∑×=vjententertainmFsTEF2-16jsj2.3.4()∑===61/iiiiyraNNtecTEC(2-17)iTECNteciairiy2.3.5TEFTECTEDTES−=/(2-18)TESTED163.13.1.1,9425-94452935-295741km32km28003000m2100m5300m[31]3.1.2-0.73(7)9.23-13.9810-31.624.01150.6h26.1%12(151.7h)40%.78.83%1134.1mm544.0mm78.83%6-975%82%8294.2mm30%[32]3.1.310hm255.11091()2713101(616)468(409)1078204[33](WWF)200200379161340[34]17850460170255729005200m[35]3.1.44700m7787m4300m3500m3700m70km3183.23.2.