民族地区的农业技术推广研究---以四川省康定市为例

私人作品，抄袭必究！民族地区的农业技术推广研究---以四川省康定市为例ResearchonAgriculturalTechnologyPromotioninMinorityRegions---TakingKangdingcityofSichuanProvinceasanexampleI摘要由于历史及社会发展原因，目前我国民族地区的经济发展相对滞后，相对于东部沿海地区以及国外发达国家，农业技术落后，普遍缺乏规模效应以及现代化农业技术的支持，生产效率及经济效益相对比较低下，严重影响了民族地区农民的劳动积极性。要改变当前的局面，我们必须建设并完善农业科技创新系统，并通过农业技术推广，加强科技信息的扩散与传播，推动科技创新成果有效转化为民族地区的实际生产效果。本文以国内外有关农业技术推广研究成果为基础，结合对四川省康定市农业技术推广的实地考察，对我国民族地区的农业技术推广现状进行了调查研究。结果发现，我国现行的农业技术推广体系基本还是计划经济时代建立的“五级”推广架构，民族地区也不例外，从中央到地方分为国家、省、市、县及乡等五级推广网络，主要参与方有政府农业技术推广中心、农业专业协会、涉农高校和农业科研单位等，目前阶段的农业技术推广大多是依照政府的计划和指令来进行。公益性质的农业技术推广项目占大多数，经营性农业技术推广项目极为有限。在农业技术推广过程中，我国民族地区普遍存在推广体系及机制不完善、人才匮乏、经费短缺、农牧民科技素养及农业技术运用积极性不高等现象。针对我国民族地区农业技术现阶段存在的问题，本文提出了发展和改革民族地区的农业技术推广的一些对策和建议：首先，要完善有关农业技术推广的法律法规，适时修订《中华人民共和国农业技术推广法》等相关法律法规，以确保法律能够适应最新的形式发展，真正起到对农业技术推广工作的保驾护航作用。其次，要建立强有力的技术推广领导机构，以确保民族地区的农业技术推广工作能够政令畅通和落实到位，并促进农业合作组织充分发挥农业科技的推广作用。II再次，政府要加大民族地区农业技术推广的财政支持力度，在经费上给予充分的保障，建立多渠道融资投入机制，积极吸收民间资本进入到农业技术推广体系中来，农业技术推广机构则要科学合理地分配和使用有限的农业技术推广经费，提高农机推广经费的使用效率。最后，还应加大对农技人员的培训，完善绩效考核反馈和响应机制，保证绩效考核制度的有效性和激励性。建立和完善科技成果转化奖励制度，吸引和留住农技推广人才。关键词：农业技术推广体系，人才培养，经费保障，考核体系IIIAbstractDuetohistoricalandsocialdevelopment,therelativelagofeconomicdevelopmentinnationalregionsinChina,inthedevelopedcountries,relativetotheeasterncoastalareasandagriculturaltechnologybackward,andgenerallackofscaleeffectwiththesupportofthemodernizationofagriculturaltechnology,theproductionefficiencyandeconomicbenefitisrelativelylow,theseriousinfluencethefarmers'workingenthusiasminnationalregions.Tochangethecurrentsituation,wemustbuildandperfecttheagriculturalscienceandtechnologyinnovationsystem,andthroughtheagriculturaltechnologypromotion,strengthenthespreadofinformationandcommunicationtechnology,topromotetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalinnovationachievementeffectiveforactualproductioneffectofethnicminorityareas.Basedondomesticandforeignrelevantresearchresultsofagro-technicalpopularization,onthebasisofcombinationofkangdinginsichuanprovincecityofagriculturaltechnologypromotionofon-the-spotinvestigation,thepresentsituationofagriculturaltechnologypopularizationinourcountryhascarriedontheinvestigationandstudy.Itwasfoundthatthecurrentagriculturaltechnologypopularizationsystembasicorplannedeconomyera,theframeworkoffivetopromoteestablishedinnationalregionsisnotexceptionalalso,fromcentraltolocallevelsaredividedintonational,provincial,municipal,countyandtownshipfivepromotionnetwork,suchasmainparticipantsarethegovernmentagriculturaltechnologypromotioncenter,professionalassociations,agriculturaluniversitiesandagriculturalscientificresearchunits,etc.,thecurrentphaseoftheagriculturaltechnologypopularizationaremostlyinaccordancewiththegovernment'splanandinstruction.Projectsofagro-technicalpopularizationaccountedformostofthepublicinterest,businessprojectsofagro-technicalpopularizationisextremelylimited.Intheprocessofagro-technicalpopularization,widespreadpopularizationsysteminnationalregionsandthemechanismisimperfect,thelackoftalents,fundsshortage,agricultureherdsmanqualityofscienceandtechnology,andagriculturaltechnologyusingtheenthusiasmisnothighphenomenon.NationalregionsinChina,agriculturaltechnologyexistingproblemsatpresentstage,thispaperputsforwardthedevelopmentandreformofagro-technicalpopularizationinnationalregions,somecountermeasuresandSuggestions:IVFirstofall,toperfectthelawsandregulationsaboutagriculturaltechnologypopularization,timelyrevisionoftheagriculturaltechnologypromotionlawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandotherrelevantlawsandregulations,toensurethattheformoflawcanadapttothelatestdevelopment,reallyplayaroletoprotecttheworkofagro-technicalpopularization.Second,tobuildastrongtechnologypopularizationleadinginstitutions,toensurethattheworkofagro-technicalpopularizationinnationalregionsinorderandputinplace,andtopromoteagriculturalcooperationorganizationgivefullplaytotheroleinthepromotionofagriculturalscienceandtechnology.Again,thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthefinancialsupportofagro-technicalpopularizationinnationalregions,adequatesecurityonmoney,establishamulti-channelfinancinginputmechanism,activelyattractprivatecapitalintotheagriculturaltechnologypopularizationsystem,agriculturaltechnologypopularizationinstitutionsarescientificandreasonableallocationofagro-technicalpopularizationanduseofthelimitedfunds,improvetheefficiencyofagriculturalmachinerytopromotetheuseoffunds.Finally,shouldalsoenlargetotheagriculturalextensionpersonneltraining,improvetheperformanceappraisalfeedbackandresponsemechanism,ensuretheeffectivenessoftheperformanceappraisalsystemandincentive.Setupandimprovethetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievementsrewardsystem,attractandretainagriculturaltechnologytalents.Keywords:AgriculturalTechnologyPromotionSystem,Personneltraining,Fundsguarantee,AssessmentSystem目录摘要......................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................III1导言...............................