俚语习语谚语行话的区分翻译

1.Slang（俚语）通俗的，粗俗的方言词，出现在口语中、戏剧、电视、电影、小说的对白中，熟悉的词搭配在一起，容易望文生义。Slangconsistsofalexiconofnon-standardwordsandphrasesinagivenlanguage.Insomecontextsaspeaker'sselectionofslangwordsorphrasesmayconveyprestige,indicatinggroupmembershipordistinguishinggroupmembersfromthosewhoarenotapartofthegroup.Examples:crossthatbridgewhenwecometoit到了桥头就过桥（船到桥头自然直）cryoverspilledmilk为泼了牛奶而哭（为过去的失败而懊丧）cushiontheblow给垫着点儿（说话绵软一点，以免打击太重）cuttothechase抄捷径去追猎物（不绕圈子，开门见山，单刀直入）Dosh,Brass，loot：钱Lass：女孩lad，bloke，guy：男孩或男人bellyache：肚子痛2.Idiom（习语）字面意义不同于实际意义的词组或句子Idiomisaphraseorafixedexpressionthathasafigurative,orsometimesliteral,meaning.Anidiom'sfigurativemeaningisdifferentfromtheliteralmeaning.Examples:It'srainingcatsanddogs.-meanstorainveryheavily(adownpour).Ohno!Youspilledthebeans!-meanstoletoutasecret.Whyareyoufeelingblue?–meanstofeelsad.3.Jargon(行话，行业术语，黑话)行话，指社会上的一些集团、群体，由于工作上、活动上或其他目的上的共同性，在相互之间交往交流时，会创造、使用一些不同于其他社会群体的词汇、用语或符号。Jargonisatypeoflanguagethatisusedinaparticularcontextandmaynotbewellunderstoodoutsideofit.Thecontextisusuallyaparticularoccupation(thatis,acertaintrade,profession,oracademicfield),butanyingroupcanhavejargon.Examples:CPU(Centralprocessingunit)DVD(DigitalVideoDiscorDigitalVersatileDisc)4.Saying（谚语，格言）Asayingisanyconciselywrittenorspokenlinguisticexpressionthatisespeciallymemorablebecauseofitsmeaningorstructure.Aphorism格言、Platitude平常的话，陈词滥调、Platitude警句，短诗、Epitaph墓志铭、Idiom习语，土语、Mantra真言、Motto座右铭、Quip俏皮话，妙语、Epithet绰号（Adescriptivewordorsayingalreadywidelyassociatedwithaparticularperson,idea,orthing.）Examples：Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.学习没有捷径。Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.天才不过是勤奋而已。Everymanhashisfaults.金无足赤，人无完人。5.Proverbs（谚语）固定，简短，通俗，是对劳动、生活、社会活动的体验与观察所得的经验和教训的语言结晶，一般以句子形式出现，几个字到十几个字，表达一个完整的思想观点。Aproverbisasimpleandconcretesaying,popularlyknownandrepeated,thatexpressesatruthbasedoncommonsenseorthepracticalexperienceofhumanity.Theyareoftenmetaphorical.Aproverbthatdescribesabasicruleofconductmayalsobeknownasamaxim.BoththeBibleandmedievalLatinhaveplayedaconsiderableroleindistributingproverbsacrossEurope.Examples:Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.一知半解是危险的Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔Itain'tovertillthefatladysings.人们不应该擅自假定一个正在进行中的事件的结果。在最后结束时刻到来之前,一切都有逆转的可能Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Iftheshoefits,wearit!Honestyisthebestpolicy