现代精准农业及我国精准农业的发展方向

2000,5(2):2025JournalofChinaAgriculturalUniversity()():19990922,9717,100101,17()46,100083,,,,;;S12TheModernPrecisionAgricultureandTechnologicalSystemLiuAiminFengZhiming(TheCommissionforIntegratedSurveyofNaturalResources,ChineseAcademyofSciences)XuLiming(CollegeofMachineryEngineering,CAU)AbstractAgriculturalmechanizationisahistoricalanddynamicconcept.Afterhavinggonethroughtheoriginalagriculture,thetraditionalagricultureandthemechanizedagriculture,agricultureisenteringthemodernprecisionagricultre.Basedonasetofhigh2newtechnologies,suchasthemoderninformationtechnology,theorganismstechnologyandtheengineeringtechnology,andsoon,theprecisionagriculturehasbeenbecometheimportantwayofmodernagriculturalproduction.Comparedwithforeigndevelopedcountries,Chinahaslowintensivelevel.However,accordingtothecharacteristicsoftheagriculturaldevelopmentinChina,thetechnologicalsystemofwater2savingandfertilizer2savingprecisionagricultureshouldbedevelopedinthenearfuture.Theprecisionequippedagriculturecanbeimplementedfirstlyintheregionatwheretheequippedagriculturehasbeendevelopedfast.Thebigfarms,whichhavelargescalesandhighmechanizationlevel,maycarryonthepracticeoftheprecisionagriculture.Keywordsagriculturalmodernization;precisionagriculture;technologicalsystem,,()[1],(PrecisionAgriculture),211()()4,(),:,,,,,,,,90,(GPS)(GIS)(DDS),21,[24],121190,,,,,,,,13m2,,122:,,,,,,,,,,,212,,,,,;,,1998,100,,19982050hm2,1997215;36à,45à,1998550hm2,19974,75à1997130hm2,1998280hm2;50à;,,,,EM(80),EM,213,,;,,,,,,,N,P,K,,,222000,,,,,,324(1994)ö(hm2õ-1)ö(õ(hm2)-1)ö(kgõhm-2)012701032310017721878171105325104301652152581310317110202109517:1995,,219944,:1),1ö5;,2),3417à,3)3137,,,,,,,,,3111),,6119m3,55à,45à,10à(5000m3)5000hm2,,,,,,3900hm2,1100hm2,5000hm2013,015,0135,017019,,(4000m3)012,0155,800m3322:,33hm2(500),,,30à40à;115à210à;50à60à;50à,,214,,,,2ö3,18m32),,40à7à22à,;,19801995,18311à,712à19953600t,4616à,217à31151kgõkg-117170kgõkg-1,,6500kgõhm-2,1N1001516915kg,P2O549157510kg,K2O1201017515kg;N,P,K101451,1995N,P,K101430117,,,,50à60à,10à30à,20à60à,N,P,K3510à,1915à4715à,,,,[5],1600hm2,1113à,,,312,,[6]:1),;2),,,,,,,80à,71à(1987),,361576hm2,,15167hm2,4218à,,,422000,,41)2),,3),30à40à(50à70à),30à,,4),,,,5),,,,,1,,..:,1987.3603892,..,1998,20(2):34383..,1999,15(1):184HoughtonAM,KnightBEA.Precisionfarming:farmersandcommercialopportunitiesacrossEurope.ProceedingsofBritishCropProtectionCouncil,1996,3:112111265,..:..:,1997.12156,,..,1998,20(3):2025522: