旅游系统的空间结构模式研究

:2000-11-25;:2001-03-29:(1969-),,,,,E2mail:[e-mail]:1000-0690(2002)01-0096-6,(,210093):,:;;;;:F592.99:A,,,[1]2060,[2,3],[4],,,1NeilLeiper,[5],[6];,[1,7],,,[8],,,,2,,,,,2.1[9]:A,;B,;C,,;D,;E,;F,22120022SCIENTIAGEOGRAPHICASINICAVol.22No.1Feb.,2002,(1),,1Fig.1Thespatialnetworkmodeloftourismsystem2.1.1,,abcefgd,,,1,2.1.2()(),,100,1acgjno,50100,1hmp,2050,1bjklef,20,,,,,,2.1.3,,1t1-3,t1t2t3,2Arc2view,,20002Fig.2ThespatialdistributionoftouristgeneratingmarketsofJinggangshan1t1t3,,,(t1);,,(t2);(t3),1979,1997197910.43796:107.84,19791987,198765.60198719943,19871.3%1.1%1%19944.2%3.8%,3.8%[11],199419872.2,,,,0.89[12]19871994,,[12]319871994Fig.3ThespatialdistributionoftouristgeneratingmarketsofHuangshanmountain,:,(),,,116,6,37.5%:,[13],:=6Gi=1Ei/6Gi=1Vi,Ei,Vi,G,(G=1,)03,,11.25,1.66,n,oj,1,,:,[13],:=6Gi-1(Ei-Vi)+G26Gi=1Vi-5GEiViG,01,0,,1,,10.19,,:[13],:=6Gi=1Ei3(6Gi=1Vi-2G)EiViG01,0,1,10.48,8921(),,1996,70.1%[14]:,,1,0,,,,,,,[13]11:1,12.6(,1),d1.7,,,()abcefgd,d,;n3.5,,1Table1Theshortestpathmatrixoftourismnetworkabcdefghijklmnopa0221222112333433342.3b2021222321133433342.3c2201222333112333332.2d1110111222222322251.7e2221022333311223322.1f2221202333332311332.2g2221220333333431372.5h1332333023445644503.3i1232333201354544453.0j2132333310244544442.9k3112333432023444422.8l3312133454201234412.7m3322123544310113382.5n4433234655421024523.5o3332213444431202412.7p3332311444443420453.06262.63,3.1,[15],,,ARCPINFO,[16],,,,3.2,()4,4(7)(),,996:24Fig.4ThenetworkofJinggangshantowntourismsystem14.26,27.26(6),,,3.8417.84,9.84(33),,,,2:Table2ThetraintimesanddurationfromNanchangtoGuangzhouetc.(h.)184562513213.2819.0113.512.4817.4818.516.1913.6P0.744.752.72.088.744.450.486.8:3.3,,,;,,;,,,,,:[1].:[J].,1998(1):2125.[2].20[A].:.[C].,,1999.393420.[3]PearceD.TourismToday:AGeographicalAnalysis[C].Sec2ondEdition.London:LongmanScientific&TechnicalPress,1995.6-11.[4].[J].,2000,20(4):105-108-117.[5]LeiperN.TheFrameworkofTourism:TowardsaDefinitionofTourism,Tourist,andtheTouristIndustry[J].AnnalsofTourismResearch,1979,Vol.6,No.1:390-407.[6]MillRC.&MorrisonAM.TheTourismSystem:AnIntro2ductoryText.EnglewoodCliffs.NJ:PrenticeHall,1992.10.[7].[J].,1999,15(1):5660.[8].[J].,1999,15(4):5054.[9],R.G.[C].,,1999.127129.[10].[A]..1999:58.[11].[A]..1995:39.[12],.[J].,1994,49(5):440448.[13],.[C].,00121,1997.200206.[14].[M].:,1999.378.[15].[M].:,1998.140.[16],.ARCPINFO[A].ARCPINFO[C].2000.19.ResearchontheSpatialNetworkModelofTourismSystemWUJin2feng,BAOHao2sheng(DepartmentofUrbanandResourcesSciences,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing,Jiangsu210093)Abstract:Thespatialnetworkmodeloftourismsystemisdiscernedandanalyzedinthispaper.SinceLeiperdevelopedadefinitionoftourismusingthesystemsmethodology,thereareafewofdifferentdefinitionsoftourismsystempresentedbyscholarsinsideoroutsidethecountry.Butallthosedefinitionmadeawrongintakingthetouristindustryoritscomponentsasasubsystemoftourismsystem.Stillusingthesystemsmeth2odology,anewdefinitionoftourismsystemisputforwardinpartone.Theelementsofthesystemaredesti2nation,originsandtravelroute.Thoseelementsarearrangedinspatialandfunctionalconnections.Havingthecharacteristicsofanopensystem,thetourismsystemisthespatialpatternoftouristflowsortheprocessofthetouristactivities.Therearetwosectionsinparttwo.Sectiononeadvancesthatthespatialmodeloftourismsystemisanetworkcomposedoftwotypesofnodes,destinationandoriginsconnectedbytravelroutelinkscenteredwithdestinationplace.ThecharacteristicsofthemodelaredescribedusingsixspatialelementsforgeographicalmodelofP.Haggett.Thesixspatialelementsaremovement,path,node,nodalstructure,fieldand,perva2sion.Themovementreferstothetouristsmovinginthenetworkfromdifferentoriginplacestothedestinationalongdifferenttransitsroutes.Pathisthetransitsroutesthattouristsuse.Nodesaretheoriginsanddestina2tion.Nodalstructurereferstothedifferentoriginsthatgeneratedifferentmountsoftourists.Fieldreferstothespatialscopeofthetourismsystemdecidedbytheattractionsofthedestination.Pervasionreferstothefieldthatischangingbythetime.Sectiontwoanalyzesthetopologicalpropertiesofthetourismnetworkusingseveralindexessuchas,,indexesandtheshortestpathmatrix.Thevaluesofthoseindexesandtheshort2estpathmatrixofthenetworkinfigure1arecalculatedseparately.Thoseindexesgiveawaytoestimatethenetworkquantitatively.Attheendpart,theapplicationsofthespatialnetworkmodelinseveralareasandatmanylevelsofanal2ysisisdiscussedindetails.Inacademicresearchitcanserveasareferencepointforgeneralandspecificstud2ies.Inthebusinessworld,themodelandthoseindexescanbeusedinresearchforthetouristmarketing,des2tinationsaccessibilityappraising,spatialcompetitionanalyzingoftouristplaces,tourismplanningand,tour2istindustrydeveloping.FurtherdetailedworkonthemodeloftourismsystemisstudiedwithJinggangshantown.Thespatialnetworkmodelseemsparticularlyrelevantasaguidefortourismplanningandassessingthedevelopingpoliciesinsomespecialdestinationtouristplace.Insummary,thespatialnetworkmodelprovidesgovernmentsandplannersavaluableapproachtotour2ismpolicyandtourismplanning.Meanwhile,themodelisveryusefulforacad