免病学题库(有答案)

1细菌一、单项选择题1.在下述的微生物中，哪种属于真核细胞型微生物······················（B）A.细菌B.真菌C.螺旋体D.放线菌E.病毒2.与细菌基本结构无关的结构是···············································（E）A.细胞膜B.细胞壁C.细胞核D.细胞质E.细胞核膜3.下列的哪项结构与消毒灭菌关系最为密切·······························（C）A.鞭毛B.荚膜C.芽胞D.菌毛E.细胞壁4.局部皮肤用碘酒和酒精涂擦称为············································（B）A.防腐B.消毒C.无菌D.灭菌E.抑菌5.结核分枝杆菌常用的染色法是···············································（B）A.革兰氏染色B.抗酸染色C.镀银染色D.瑞氏染色E.美兰单染色6.菌群失调的主要原因是························································（A）A.长期使用广谱抗生素B.多种细菌交叉感染C.两种细菌重复感染D.细菌寄居部位改变E.营养不良7.紫外线杀菌的原理是···························································（B）A.破坏粘肽合成B.干扰DNA合成C.使酶变性D.使蛋白质凝固2E.以上都不是8.下列的哪一项不属于原核细胞型微生物··································（E）A.肺炎支原体B.结核分枝杆菌C.斑疹伤寒立克次体D.钩端螺旋体E.麻疹病毒9.青霉素抗菌作用的机理是下述的哪一项··································（C）A.破坏细胞膜的通透性B.干扰蛋白质合成C.干扰粘肽合成D.破坏核糖核酸合成E.破坏脱氧核糖核酸合成10.临床上最常用的灭菌方法为················································（D）A.焚烧法B.烧灼法C.间歇灭菌法D.高压蒸汽灭菌法E.煮沸法11.热原质的成份是·······························································（B）A.磷壁酸B.脂多糖C.蛋白质D.肽聚糖E.核糖核酸12.革兰氏染色时，用不上的试剂是哪一种·································（C）A.碘液B.95%酒精C.美蓝液D.稀释复红液E.结晶紫液13.下述的哪一项不是细菌生长繁殖的必需条件···························（E）A.营养物质B.PH值C.气体D.温度E.光线14.下列各部位中，没有正常菌群寄居的是·································（E）A.皮肤B.消化道C.呼吸道D.泌尿生殖道E.血液15.噬菌体是一类··································································（B）3A.植物的病毒B.细菌的病毒C.真菌的抗体D.细菌的抗体E.以上都不是16.细菌的毒力主要取决于······················································（D）A.侵入的数量B.侵袭力的强弱C.毒素的强弱D.侵袭力、毒素的强弱E.侵入的途径17.可选用紫外线消毒的物体有················································（B）A.人体皮肤B.污染的桌面C.生理盐水D.注射器E.手术器械18控制细菌性状的遗传物质是.···············································（D）A.菌毛B.荚膜C.中介体D.核质E.鞭毛19.不属于细菌合成代谢产物的是·············································（D）A.外毒素B.热原质C.维生素D.抗毒素E.CO220.人体中没有正常菌群存在的部位是·······································（D）A.皮肤B.鼻咽部C.阴道D.胸腔E.外耳道21.酒精的杀菌原理是····························································（A）A.使菌体蛋白变性或凝固B.破坏细菌酶系统C.改变细胞膜通透性D.抑制细胞壁的合成E.改变核酸的代谢22.细菌内毒素的特点是·························································（C）A.主要为G+菌产生B.化学成分为蛋白质C.毒性作用相似D.抗原性强4E.不耐热23.与细菌毒力有关的结构是···················································（D）A.核质B.细胞膜C.细胞浆D.荚膜E.细胞壁24.G+菌细胞壁的成份是·························································（D）A.磷脂B.脂蛋白C.脂多糖D.粘肽E外膜25.高压蒸汽灭菌法常用温度和时间是·······································（B）A.121.3℃30~60分钟B.121.3℃15~30分钟C.125.3℃10分钟D.150.3℃5分钟E.250.3℃2分钟26.细菌繁殖方式是·······························································（A）A.二分裂B.出芽C.芽胞形成D.复制E.分枝27.关于芽胞错误的是····························································（D）A.适宜环境发芽B.抵抗力强C.新陈代谢低D.能分裂繁殖E.芽胞内含水量少28.使用广谱抗生素引起伪膜性肠炎多属于·································（C）A.食物中毒B.细菌性痢疾C.菌群失调症D.过敏性反应E.医院内感染29.最重要的传染源是····························································（A）A.带菌者B.病人家属C.患病病人D.恢复期病人E.患病动物30.革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素敏感是由于·······································（E）5A.裂解细胞壁多糖链B.蛋白质合成抑制C.酶系统被破坏D.DNA复制受阻E.肽聚糖合成受阻31.手术器械、敷料的灭菌常用················································（A）A.高压蒸汽灭菌法B.煮沸法C.流通蒸汽法D.间歇灭菌法E.巴氏消毒法32.制备卡介菌，结核杆菌发生的变异是属于······························（C）A.形态变异B.结构变异C.毒力变异D.耐药性变异E.菌落的变异33.外毒素的毒性作用特点是···················································（E）A.引起体温升高B.引起微循环障碍C.引起脓毒血症D.引起DICE.对组织有选择性毒害34.病原菌一时性或间断地侵入血流，在血流中不繁殖称···············（A）A.菌血症B.败血症C.毒血症D.脓毒血症E.病毒血症35.属于非细胞型微生物的是···················································（B）A.细菌B.病毒C.真菌D.螺旋体E.支原体36.紫外线杀菌原理是····························································（B）A.抑制菌体旦白的合成B.干扰细菌DNA复制C.破坏细菌细胞壁D.稀放热量杀死细菌E.干扰细胞膜的通透性37.属于内毒素性质是····························································（B）A.蛋白质成分B.作用无选择性C.毒性强D.抗原性强6E.大多G+菌产生38.关于荚膜，下述错误的是···················································（B）A.是细菌的特殊结构B.是一种外毒素C.与毒力有关D.能抵抗吞噬E.细菌失去荚膜毒力减弱39.G+菌细胞壁特有成分是······················································（D）A.多糖B.粘肽C.脂蛋白D.磷壁酸E.蛋白质40.食品的低温保存是····························································（B）A.消毒B.防腐C.灭菌D.无菌E.以上都不是41.与细菌致病作用有关的代谢产物是·······································（B）A.维生素B.热原质C.色素D.细菌素E.抗生素42.红霉素的抗菌原理是·························································（E）A.破坏细菌的核酸B.使菌体蛋白脱水变性C.抑制细胞壁合成D.使细胞水肿裂解E.抑制蛋白质合成43.大肠埃希菌引起的尿路感染是因为·······································（D）A.长期使用广谱抗生素B.多种细菌交叉感染C.两种细菌重复感染D.细菌寄居部位改变E.机体抵抗力降低44.病原菌侵入血流，大量繁殖，引起明显临床症状称为···············（A）A.败血症B.菌血症C.脓毒血症D.毒血症E.病毒血症45.G-菌的热原质是细胞壁中的················································（D）7A.脂蛋白B.粘肽C.磷脂D.脂多糖E.类脂46.关于菌毛、错误的是·························································（E）A.较鞭毛短而细B.成分为蛋白质C.性菌毛能传递耐药基因D.能吸附上皮细胞E.有菌毛的细菌致病力弱47.利用干烤法灭菌的最适温度，时间为····································（D）A.56℃，30分钟B.100℃，30分钟C.100℃，2小时D.160~170℃，2小时E.140~150℃，2小时48.细菌的繁殖方式为····························································（A）A.无性二分裂B.有性二分裂C.二分裂D.复制方式E.出芽方式49.能产生外毒素的病原体有···················································（C）A.G—菌B.G+菌C.G+菌和部分G—菌D.G—菌与病毒E.G+菌与螺旋体50.内毒素的主要毒性成份为···················································（B）A.类脂B.类脂AC.核心低聚糖D.特异性多糖E.蛋白质51.乙醇杀菌力最强的浓度为·········································