体验英语综合教程4课文及翻译

Unit1Onourfirstdateafterourtwindaughterswereborn,myhusbandandIwenttoseethemovieToyStory.Weenjoyedit,butafterwardmyhusbandasked,Wherewasthedad?Atfirst,itseemedpettytocriticizeanentertainingfamilymoviebecauseofonesmallpoint.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,however,themoreglaringanomissionitseemed.Notonlywasdadnotaround,hewasn'tevenmentioned—despitethefactthattherewasababyinthefamily,sodadcouldn'thavebeenthatlonggone.Itwasasifthepresence—orabsence—ofafatherisaminordetail,notevenrequiringanexplanation.Thisisonlyoneexampleofthemediatrendtowardmarginalizingfathers,whichmirrorsenormoussocialchangesintheUnitedStates.DavidBlankenhorn,inhisbookFatherlessAmerica,referstothistrendastheunnecessaryfatherconcept.Wearebombardedbystoriesaboutthestrugglesofworkingmothers(asopposedtonon-workingmothers,Isuppose).Meanwhile,ahighproportionofmediastoriesaboutfathersfocusonabusivehusbandsordeadbeatdads.Itseemsthattheonlytimefathersmeritattentioniswhentheyarecriticizedfornothelpingenoughwiththehousework(aclaimthatIfinddubiousanyway,becausethedefinitionofhouseworkrarelyincludescleaningthegutters,changingtheoilinthecarorotherjobstypicallydonebymen)orwhentheydie.WhenMr.Blankenhornsurveyedfathersaboutthemeaningofthetermgoodfamilyman,manyrespondedthatitwasaphrasetheyonlyheardatfunerals.Oneexceptiontotheunnecessaryfathersyndromeistheglowingmediaattentionthatat-homedadshavereceived.Idonotmeantoimplythatat-homedadsdonotdeservesupportformakingthiscommitment.Ionlymeantopointoutthedoublestandardatworkwhenat-homedadsareapplaudedwhileat-homemothersandbreadwinnerfathersaregivenlittle,ifany,culturalrecognition.Theverylanguageweusetodiscussmen'sroles(i.e.,deadbeatdads)showsalackofappreciationforthemajorityofmenwhoquietlyyetproudlyfulfilltheirfamilyresponsibilities.Wealmostneverhearthetermworkingfather,anditisrarethatcallsformoreworkplaceflexibilityareconsideredtobeformenasmuchasforwomen.Oursocietyactsasiffamilyobligationsarenotasimportanttofathersastheyaretomothers—asifcareersatisfactioniswhataman'slifeisallabout.Evenmoreinsultingistherecentmediatrendofregardingat-homewivesasstatussymbols—likeanexpensivecar—flauntedbythesupposedlyfewmenwhocanaffordsuchaluxury.Theimplicationisthatmenwithat-homewiveshaveiteasierthanthosewhosewivesworkoutsidethehomebecausetheyhavetheluxuryofafull-timehousekeeper.Inreality,however,themenwhoarethesolewageearnersfortheirfamiliessufferalotofstresses.Thelossofajob—oreventhethreatofthathappening—isobviouslymuchmoredifficultwhenthatjobisthesolesourceofincomeforafamily.Bythesametoken,solewageearnershavelessflexibilitywhenitcomestoleavingunsatisfyingcareersbecauseofthelossofincomesuchajobchangeentails.Inaddition,manyhusbandsworkovertimeorsecondjobstomakemoreneededmoneyfortheirfamilies.Forthesemen,itisthefamilythatthejobsupportsthatmakesitallworthwhile.Itisthebeliefthathavingamotherathomeisimportanttothechildren,whichmakessomanymengladlytakeontheburdenofbeingasolewageearner.Today,thereiswidespreadagreementamongresearchersthattheabsenceoffathersfromhouseholdscausesseriousproblemsforchildrenand,consequently,forsocietyatlarge.Yet,ratherthanholdingupordinaryfathersaspositiverolemodelsforthedadsoftomorrow,toooftensocietyhasthrownupitshandsanddecidedthattraditionalfatherhoodisatbestobsoleteandatworstdangerouslyreactionary.Thishasleftmanymenquestioningthevalueoftheirroleasfathers.Asasociety,weneedtorealizethatfathersarejustasimportanttochildrenasmothersare—notonlyforfinancialsupport,butforemotionalsupport,educationanddisciplineaswell.Itisnotenoughforusmerelytorecognizethatfatherlessnessisaproblem—tostandbesidethegraveandmournthelossofthegoodfamilymanandthentrytofindsomeonetoreplacehim(askanyonewhohaslostafatherthoughdeathifthatispossible).Wemustacknowledgehowwehavedevaluedfatherhoodandworktoshowmenhownecessary,howimportanttheyareintheirchildren'slives.Thosefatherswhostrivetobegoodfamilymenbybeingthereeverydaytoloveandsupporttheirfamilies—thoseunsungheroes—needourrecognitionandourthanksforalltheydo.Becausetheydeserveit.无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向，即把家庭主妇看成是一种“地位的象征”——就像一辆名贵的汽车，只有据说少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适，因为他们拥有全职管家这种“奢侈品”。然而，实际上作为家庭惟一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一来源的时候，失业，或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁，对他们来说显然构成更大的困