论我国半干旱地区农业生产力与生态系统可持续发展

:1999-07-123;(No.962020201202202):(1962),,,,,38,3(,730000):,,,,,,,,,:;;;;;:S181(24):A:1007-7588(1999)05-0025-06ONAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIVITYANDECOSYSTEMSSUSTAINABILITYINSEMIARIDAREASOFCHINALIFeng2min(StateKeyLabofAridAgroecology,LanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou730000,China)Abstract:Inviewofagroecosystem,thestudyholdsthatthemaincausesresultinginlowagriculturalproductivityandeco2environmentaldeteriorationaretheweakeningofassimilationandstrengtheningofdissimilation.Theprocessessuchasvegetationdevastation,soilandwatererosion,soilfertilitydeclineandfurtherexpansionofcultivatedlandareactionsofdissimilation.Theweakeningofassimilationisre2flectedasthedecreaseofvegetationcoverageandecosystemsproductivity.Theinhomogeneouschangeshappenedbetweenbothprocessesofassimilationanddissimilationofecosystemsarecallede2cosysteminequilibrium.onlytheassimilationiseffectivelystrengthenedcanthedeteriorateddevelop2mentofassimilationbecontrolled.Thisisthecoretotherestorationoftheecotonesecosystem.Theraiseoftheagroecosystemsproductivityliesinthesubstantialimprovementoftheecosystemsproduc2tivityandthemaintenanceofecosystemssustainability.Tothisend,itisnecessary,firstofall,toim2provefieldwater2holdingcapacityandincreaseperunitareayield.Andthen,baseduponthis,thedevel2opmentofrainwater2harvestingtechnologyorientedecoagriculturecanguaranteethesustainabledevel2opmentoftheargoecosystemoftheconcernedarea.Keywords:Semiaridarea;Agriculturalproductivity;Eco2environment;Rainwaterharvestingtechnolo2gy;Agroecosystem;Sustainabledevelopment21519999RESOURCESSCIENCEVol.21,No.5Sep.,1999©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1,,,,,[11,23],,,[14,26,27,29],,,,[1,2,12,18,28],,,[14,10,30],60%80%,72%98%,,60%,[1,2],,[14][510,1220,28,39][40],,,,,,[3,510,24],,,,,,,,,,[1],,[14,20,23],,,,,,,,,,,()2211[1,37,38]:,,,,,,:,,,,,30,,,,,,,,,,[1,34,44],30a43%2,,,,,,,,60,19773[1,36,41],,,,:,,,,,,,,:,;();,,,62215©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[1],,,,20cm,,,,,,,,80,[31,42,43][43],,,,,,212:,,,,,,;,,;,(80/km2100/km2,200/km2,20[10]),,,;,,,,,,,,,,,;,10a,,,,,[33],,,:70008000a,2000a[4]200a[37](1),,,25,,15[37],,,,[32,34,35,44,45]2,,2600kg/hm2,15,Table1PrecipitationwheatgrainyieldofcontinuouscroppingandgrowneveryotheryearinfivesemiaridareasofwesternAmerica(a)(mm)(kg/hm2)(kg/hm21mm)3593941427962118121441654621629653117611417636824033126604211010214070349195889521812156285001010646110111294()4172376767218511841094151918008222125119972215:©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.2(318mm)Table2Impactofstubblemulchingonwaterstorageefficiencyandincreaseofsorghumgrainyield(precipitation318mm)(kg/hm2)0100020004000800012000(%)2216c3111b3114b3615b4317a4612a(kg/hm2)1780c2410b2600b2980b3680a3990a:(p=0105)331131111,,,,56,(),[17,23,26,27],19881989,5900m3/hm2,7,7845kg/hm2,?,,[23],500108m3600108m3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[23,17,14]31112420mm53%,40%[19],,420mm53%+420mm47%40%=301mm19611990357mm(330mm380mm)56mm,555m3/hm2,450m3600m3,[14,25],,,196630,525m3,1167hm2,0141hm2750kg6000kg,,24,,6000,,,2865kg5490kg,,,,350mm,2375m,5,100d199519974500kg,31113,20%25%,10%15%,,60%75%[23],,,,82215©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,(),,,,,,,[12],13313104hm2,4,,,,,:!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[14,26,27]:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,[510,15,16],,,,,,(),,,,,(),,,:[1],1[M]1:,19931[2],1[M]1:,19971[3]1[M]1:,19921[4],1[M]1:,19861[5]1[M]1:,19921[6]1[M]1:,19911[7]1[M]1:,19921[8]1[M]1:,19931[9]1[M]1:,19941[10]1[M]1:,19911[11]1[A]11[C]1:,19991149158192215:©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[12]1[M]1:,19971[13],1[M]1:,19911[14],,1[J]1,1999,19(2):1521571[15],1[J]1,1991,15(4):3193291[16]1[J]1,1992,11(6):55571[17],,1[J]1,1995,6(3):2592641[18],,1[J]1,1995,15(4):4214261[19],,1[J]1,1990,10(6):26301[20]1[M]1:,19951[21]1[J]1,1981,18(1):24271[22]121[N]1,19952012061[23]1[M]1:,19961[24]1[M]1:,19941[25]1[M]1:,19961[26],,1[J]1,1995,15(8):13181[27],,1[J]1,1995,15(8):9121[28],1[M]1:,19961[29],1[M]1:,19951[30],,1[M]1:,19931[31],,1[M]1:,19971[32]1[M]1:,19891[33]1[C]11,,,:19961[34]Cantero2MartinezC.,OLearyG.J.andConnorD.J.,Stubble2retentionandnitrogenfertilizationinafallow2wheatrainfedcroppingsystem.1.Soilwaterandnitrogenconservation,cropgrowthandyield.Soil&TillageResearch,1995,34:7994.[35]chaudharyT.N.andChopraU.K.,Effectofsoilcoversongrowthandyieldofirrigatedwheatplantedattwodates.FieldCropsRe2search1983,6:2933041[36]ChrisReij,PaulMulder,andLouisBegemenn.WaterHarvestingforPlantProduction.Washington,D.C.:TheWorldBank,19881[37]DregneH.E.andWillisW.O.(eds).Drylandagriculture.AmericanSocietyofAgronomy.Inc.,CropsScienceSocietyofAmerica,Inc.,SoilScienceSocietyofAmerica,Inc.,Publishers,Madison,Wisconsin,USA.19831[38]GlennO.Schwab,DelmarD.Fangmeier,WilliamJ.Elliot.SoilandWatermanagementsystem.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,NewYork:Chrichester,Brisbane,Tornto,Singapore,4thedition.19961[39]LiFeng2Min,JingCao,Tong2ChaoWang.Theinfluenceofphosphorussupplyindifferentdepthsoilonyieldformationofspringwheat.JournalofPlantNutrition1998,21(9):192119311[40]LiFeng2Min,WangTongchao,Ca