您好,欢迎访问三七文档
国际学院2013年12月四级翻译专题第1页共3页1.中国武术(ChineseKungFu)已有数千年的历史,包含众多搏击方式,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。其诞生是出于古时对自我防卫、狩猎技巧及军事训练的需要。历史上,中国武术的影响可在书本及亚洲独有的表演艺术中见到。近来,其影响还扩展到目标受众宽广得多的电影及电视业。由此,中国武术的传播已超越其民族根源,对全世界都有着吸引力。ChineseKungFu,withahistoryofafewthousandyearsandanumberoffightingstyles,isanimportantpartofChinesetraditionalculture.Itsbirthwasattributedtotheneedforself-defense,huntingtechniquesandmilitarytraininginancienttimes.Historically,theinfluenceofChineseKungFucouldbefoundinbooksandintheperformingartsspecifictoAsia.Recently,thoseinfluenceshaveextendedtothemoviesandtelevisionthattargetamuchwideraudience.Asaresult,ChineseKungFuhasspreadbeyonditsethnicrootsandhasaglobalappeal.2.饺子(Jiaozi)是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与最早的纸币的名字相似,所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币,让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉,这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或辣椒酱(hotsauce)的以酱油(soysauce)为基础的沾酱(dippingsauce)。JiaoziareoneofthemajorfoodseatenduringtheChineseNewYearandyearroundinthenorthernprovinces.ThepronunciationofJiaozisoundslikethenamefortheearliestpapermoney,soeatingthemisbelievedtobringgoodfortune.ManyfamilieseatJiaozionChineseNewYear’sEve.Somecookswillhideacleancoinfortheluckytofind.ThecommonmeatfillingsofJiaoziincludepork,beef,chickenandfish,whichareusuallymixedwithchoppedvegetables.Jiaoziareeatenwithasoysauce-baseddippingsaucethatmayincludevinegar,garlicorhotsauce.3.中国戏曲是中国戏剧和音乐剧的结合,其起源可追溯到3世纪。中国戏曲有很多地方剧分支,京剧是其中最有名的一个。京剧出现于18世纪末,并于19世纪中期得到充分发展和认可。京剧在清朝宫廷(theQingDynastycourt)特别受欢迎,并已被视为中国的文化珍品之一。中国戏曲会用到面具。面具的每种颜色代表不同的含义,用来表现人物角色,说明他们的情感状态和大致性格。ChineseoperaisacombinationofChinesedramaandmusicaltheater,whichrootsbackasfarasthethirdcentury.TherearenumerousregionalbranchesofChineseOpera,ofwhichtheBeijingOpera(Jingju)isoneofthemostnotable.TheBeijingOperaaroseinthelate18thcenturyandbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.ItwasextremelypopularintheQingDynastycourtandhasbeenregardedasoneoftheculturaltreasuresofChina.MasksareusedinChineseopera.Eachcolorofthemaskhasadifferentmeaning,portrayingacharacter’sroleandillustratingtheiremotionalstateandgeneralcharacter.4.故宫(theForbiddenCity)雄伟、壮丽,是中国古建筑艺术的巅峰之作,其规模和独具特色的风格享誉世界。故宫内保存着大量珍贵、稀有的古物,它们对研究明、清两代历史和历代艺术具有十分重要的意义。1925年故宫改名为故宫博物院,并成为世界上最大的博物馆之一。新中国成立后,人民政府投入了大量资金对故宫进行保护和维修。它现在是北京最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。TheForbiddenCity,grandandmagnificent,representsthehighestpeakofancientChinesearchitectureandenjoysworldwidefameforitsscaleanduniquestyle.Preservedherearealargenumberofrareandpreciousantiques,whichareofgreatsignificancetothestudyofMingandQinghistoryandtheartsofpastdynasties.In1925,theForbiddenCitywasrenamedPalaceMuseumandbecameoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,thenationalgovernmenthasspentlargesumsontheprotectionandmaintenanceoftheForbiddenCity.Atpresent,itisoneofthemostpopulartourismsitesinBeijing.5.端午节,又称龙舟节和重五(DoubleFifth),是一个源于中国的传统节日。每年的农历五月初五为端午节。这就是重五这一别称的由来。端午节里流传最广三种活动是吃粽子、喝雄黄酒(realgarwine)以及赛龙舟。其他常见的活动还包括挂钟馗(ZhongKui)像、写符咒(spells)和佩戴香囊药包(perfumedmedicinebags)。古代的人们认为,所有这些活动,连同喝雄黄酒,都能有效防病驱邪,促进生活安康。DuanwuFestival,alsoknownasDragonBoatFestivalandtheDoubleFifth,isatraditionalfestivaloriginatinginChina.Thefestivaloccursonthe5thdayofthe5thmonthofthelunarcalendar.Thisistheoriginofitsalternativename,DoubleFifith.ThreeofthemostwidespreadactivitiesforDuanwuFestivalareeatingzongzi,drinkingrealgarwine,andracingdragonboats.OthercommonactivitiesincludehangingupiconsofZhongkui,writingspellsandwearingperfumedmedicinebags.Alloftheseactivities,togetherwiththedrinkingofrealgarwine,wereregardedbytheancientsaseffectiveinpreventingdiseaseandevil,andpromotinghealthandwell-being.6.舞龙(dragondance)是中国文化中一种传统的舞蹈表演形式。传统上讲,其表演工作象征龙的历史地位,展示了力量与尊贵。舞龙起源于汉代(theHanDynasty)。人们认为它最初是作为耕作收成文化的一部分;同时也是一种治病防病的方法起源。舞龙在宋代(theSongDynasty)已十分盛行,成为了一项民间活动,且最常见于各种节日庆典中。舞龙是世界各地唐人街举办春节庆典的一个重头戏。DragonDanceisaformoftraditionaldanceperformanceinChineseculture.Themovementsintheperformancetraditionallysymbolizehistoricalrolesofdragons,demonstratingpoweranddignity.ThedragondanceoriginatedintheHanDynasty.Itisbelievedtohavebegunaspartofthefarmingandharvestculture,alsowithoriginsasamethodofhealingandpreventing国际学院2013年12月四级翻译专题第2页共3页sickness.ItwasalreadyapopulareventduringtheSongDynastywhenithadbecomeafolkactivityandwasmostoftenseeninvariousfestivalcelebrations.ThedragondanceisahighlightofChineseNewYearcelebrationsheldworldwideinChinatownsaroundtheworld.7.颐和园(theSummerPalace)是世界上建筑规模最大、保存最完整的、文化内涵最丰富的皇家御苑,被誉为皇家园林博物馆。园内建筑吸收了中国各地建筑的精华。东部的宫殿区和内廷区,是典型的北方四合院(quadrangle)风格。南部的湖泊区是仿杭州西湖景色,一道西堤(dyke)把湖泊一分为二,具有浓郁的江南情调;万寿山(LongevityHill)的北面,是典型的西藏喇嘛庙宇(Tibetanlamasery)风格,有白塔及城堡式建筑;北部的苏州街,店铺林立,水道纵横(crisscrossingwatercourses),又是典型的江南水乡风格。TheSummerPalaceisthelargestandthebest-preservedroyalgardenintheworldwiththerichestculturalconnotation;henceitishonoredasamuseumofroyalgardens.ThebuildingsinthePalacearethearchitecturalcreamfromallpartsofChina.TheadministrativeandresidentialareasintheeastofthepalacearetypicalofthequadrangleinnorthernChina,wheretheenclosedcourtyardsareconnectedbyvariousroofedcauseways.Thelakeareainitssouth,however,isani
本文标题:传统文化考点
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2722046 .html