竞争与合作中美关系中的能源因素

()20102FUDANJOURNAL(SocialSciences)No.22010[]2009-10-27[],,3(:05JJDGJW038)CouncilonForeignRelations,NationalSecurityConsequencesofU.S.OilDependency,IndependentTaskForceReport58(2006):14.AntonieHalff,AfricaonMyMind:ThePandaMenace,TheNationalInterest,July/August2007:35.:(,200083)[],,,,,,,[],,30,,,:,2006,21:,20087147,,,,1993,;2003,,,,25%,,7%,,,,;,,,71,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20043,1,2006,160,,,20015,30%,,40%,,,2009421,,250,20150020045,,,,20065,,,,,20041220051,,,4,,100,,81ShaiOster,MovestoStymieIranStrainU.S.-ChinaTies,TheWallStreetJournal,January12,2007:A4;StevenR.Weis2man,USCautionsForeignCompaniesonIranDeals,TheNewYorkTimes,March21,2007.NationalEnergyPolicyDevelopmentGroup,NationalEnergyPolicy:ReportoftheNationalEnergyPolicyDevelopmentGroup,May2001:8-11.TheStanleyFoundation,AfricaatRiskorRising?TheRoleofEurope,NorthAmerica,andChinaontheContinent,PolicyDi2alogueBrief,May2007:4-5.FredStakelbeck,AnAfricanMarshallPlan:U.S.MustCounterChinapsCourtship,TheWashingtonTimes,May29,2007.,:115.,,,2005,,:(1);(2),,;(3);(4),,,,,,,,,,2005,185,630,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,91U.S.-ChinaEconomicandSecurityReviewCommission,2005ReporttoCongress,WashingtonD.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrint2ingOffice,2005:173.EricaS.Downs,HowOilFuelsSino-U.S.Fires,TheBusinessWeek,September4,2006.ChrisBaltimore,U.S.andChinaTakeDifferentViewsofEnergySecurity,ReuterNews,November27,2006.:,:,:,2008,117AlbertKeidel,ChinapsGrowingPainsShouldn’tHurtUs,TheWashingtonPost,July24,2005:B05.IanBremmer,TheDragonAwakes,TheNationalInterest,Summer2005:128-134.,;,,2000,,20012002,,,,,(),,,19,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,;,,,,(),,,(93%)02EmmaChanlett-Avery,TheGrowingCompetitionforNaturalResources:EconomicSecurityandtheRiseoftheBRICEcono2mies,:,:,2005MaryKaldor,TerryLynnKarlandYahiaSaid,eds.,OilWars,London:PlutoPress,2007.EugeneGholzandDarylG.Press,EnergyAlarmism:TheMythsThatMakeAmericansWorryaboutOil,PolicyAnalysis589,April5,2007:15.EricaS.Downs,TheFactandFictionofSino-AfricaEnergyRelations,ChinaSecurity,Summer2007:10-12,15-16.::,20056:,20084,,,,,,,,,,2001,160911,,,,,,,,1998,,,,,,,,,(),,2005,,921,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.15,12ZhangXuegang,SoutheastAsiaandEnergy:GatewaytoStability,ChinaSecurity,Spring2007:19.DennisBlairandKennethLieberthal,SmoothSailing:TheWorld’sShippingLanesAreSafe,ForeignAffairs,May/June2007:8-14.:,:,2005,405TheU.S.SecretaryofDefense,TheUnitedStatesSecurityStrategyfortheEastAsia-PacificRegion(WashingtonD.C.,1998)56.RobertB.Zoellick,WhitherChina:FromMembershiptoResponsibility?:39.:,:,110:,20024BillGertz,ChinaBuildsupStrategicSeaLanes,TheWashingtonTimes,January18,2005.20083,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2003:,,,,,,,,,200810,,,,,,,,,,,,,20097,,,,1500,,,,5,,,,,,,32WarrenI.Cohen,ChinapsPowerParadox,TheNationalInterest,Spring2006:129.JosefBraml,CantheUnitedStatesShedItsOilAddiction?TheWashingtonQuarterly,Autumn2007:120.FlyntLeverettandPierreNoel,TheNewAxisofOil,TheNationalInterest,Summer2006:62-70.BarackObamaandJoeBiden,NewEnergyforAmerica,:13,14.JointPressReleaseontheFirstRoundoftheU.S.-ChinaStrategicandEconomicDialogue,July28,2009,:EnergyFactorinSino2USRelationsWANGLian2he(SchoolofInternationalandDiplomaticAffairs,ShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity,Shanghai200083,China)Abstract:Energyisacriticalresourcewhichisindispensableforacountrypssurvivalanddevelopment.Sincesufficientenergysupplycanprovidestabledrivingforcetothesustainableeconomicgrowth,energybecomeshardcurrencywhichembodiesthepoliticalandeconomicpower.Thus,nationalenergypolicyislogicallygivenstrategicsignificance.Inanincreasinglyinterdependentworld,neithercanChinapsenergysupplyintheexternalcontextnotbedivorcedfromtheUnitedStates,norcantheU.S.neglectthediplo2matic,securityandenvironmentalproblemsderivingfromthesurgeofChinapsenergyconsumption.Ener2gyhasbecomeanimportantissueinSino2USrelations,whichrequirescooperationbetweenthetwocoun2triesforthesakeofoverallbilateralrelations.Keywords:energy;oil;Sino2USrelations;energyrealism;energyliberalism[]42FrankVerrastroandSarahLadislaw,ProvidingEnergySecurityinanInterdependentWorld,TheWashingtonQuarterly,Au2tumn2007,pp.95-104.