转基因农业生物技术的产业化_政策与启示

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()Vol.8No.520089JournalofNorthwestA&FUniversity(SocialScienceEdition)Sep.2008(,510642):,,,:GMO,GMO:,GMO:;;:S-01:A:1009-9107(2008)05-0036-06,,,(geneticallymodifiedorganisms,GMO),GMO,,GMOGMOGMO()GMOGMO1953DNA,1970DNADNA,1973,301982()1983()1998[1]GMO199617020025870,80.45%2005,GMO22,12006,GMO1030,200521.2%()GMOGMO(1),GMO40,40,GMO,:2007212215:(1968-),,,,,©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[2]GMO()(%)(%)365062+10124021+2767012-2975+11101-5867100+19()GMOGMO,GMO,20033900,GMO66%2001,GMO,20031600,1/4,GMO40%,21%,9%,1350,23%,2;350,6%,3;210,4%192%,,380,2005,2006,20062005200%1150,2006,88%,9402006,25GMO51()GMOGMO,,,:GMO100%,,[1]GMOGMO1994GMO,GMO,[1]GMO,()GMO:(round2up)4500,101%-5%,,,[3]2002,GMO9,600,,,,GMO,GMO()GMO,[4],,,GMO19966,15GMO,GMO20022005,GMO735:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:;;,[5],GMO,GMO1996-2002,GMO,221996-2002GMO[2]()(%)1996174-19971100532.1819982780152.731999399043.532000442010.782001526019.002002586711.54()GMO,,GMO3GMO[5]()(/)()333,GMO;;,,,,,GMO()GMO[6]:(promotional),(permis2sive),(precautionary)(preventive),4P,,4,,GMO,GMO,55,,GMO,,GMO,,GMO,(),,,,GMOGMO83()8©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[7],,GMO,GMO,GMO,,GMO,GMO,,GMO,GMO,,,,,,GMOGMOGMOsUPOV1991,UPOV1991,,()UPOV1978,,,,5GMO[7](),,:GMOGMO863973(),GMO,1998,2006,1040,100%,,2006,424,60,456,211,181,4110935:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1996)(1997)20044,20024,20051,,,,34,5()GMO(),,,5%,3%,,GMO,,2005,,,21000()GMOGMOGMOGMO4GMO:(1)WTOGMOWTO272:,(2),1992170,(3):,GMO,WTO,,:;GMOGMO,:1.GMO,,GMO,04()8©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:[1]R.A.B,.[M].:,2005.[2].[J].,2003(12):20-21.[3]B.[M].:,2001.[4]D..[M].,,.:,,2002.[5]FOODETHICSCOUNCIL.Novelfoodsbeyondnuff2ield[M].London,1999.[6]PARRLBERG.GoverningtheGMcroprevolution:pol2icychoicesfordevelopingcountriesdiscussion[M].In2ternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute.2001:33.[7],,.[J].,2001(6):13-15.TheIndustrializationofTransgenicAgriculturalBiotechnologyandItsPolicyImplicationsDENGJia2qiong(CollegeofEconomicsandManagement,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642,China)Abstract:Theindustrializationoftransgenicagriculturalbiotechnology(TAB)haswitnessedarapiddevelop2ment.BecausethecomplicatedsocioeconomicimpactsoftheindustrializationofTABanddifferentabilityincopingwiththepossiblerisksresultingfromtheTABindustrialization,thereexistquitedifferentattitudestotheTABin2dustrializationindifferentcountries.Thehugedifferenceintheattitudeshasexertedgreatimpactsonpeoplesac2ceptanceoftheGeneticallyModifiedOrganisms(GMO),retardedtheindustrializationofTAB,andpromotedthedevelopmentoftransgenicagriculturalcropsinmajorGMO2plantingcountries.TheGMOpoliciesinmajorGMO2plantedcountriesarepartiallybasedonthreejudgmentsasthefollows:thedescriptivefactsandevents,indicativefactsandevents,andpuresocialvalues.ThoughtheattitudestoGMOdiffergreatlyfromcountrytocountry,thereisacommontrendinGMO2relatedresearch&development.ThemajorgovernmentsaresupportingtheGMOde2velopmentwithresearchresourcesandconstructivepolicies.ChinaisplayingaleadingroleinsomeGMO2relatedresearchanddevelopment.Keywords:transgenicagriculturalbiotechnology;industrialization;policyselection145: