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1§7-5二阶电路的零输入响应1.LC电路中的正弦振荡已知uC(0–)=U0,i(0–)=0,求uC(t),i(t),t0LC+-iuC(t=0)+-uL方程:LCuutiLuddLtuCiddC0ddC2C2utuLC以电容电压为变量:特征方程:012LCpLCp1j2,12方程的解:tLCtLCeAeAu1j21j1C代入初值uC(0+)=U0,则021UAA0)0(1dd0CiCtut021AA联立解得:2021UAAtLCtLCeeUu1j1j0C2tLCU1cos0tuCiddCtLCLCU1sin03uC(t)i(t)U0U0ooImImtt结论:两种不同性质储能元件构成的电路,储能在电场和磁场之间往返转移,这种周而复始的过程称为“振荡”。LC+-iuC若元件为理想的,称等幅振荡;若电路中存在电阻,幅度逐渐衰减为零,称衰减振荡,也称阻尼振荡。若电阻过大,储能在初次转移即被消耗,称过阻尼情况(无振荡)。4RLC+-iuC(t=0)+-uL2.RLC串联电路的零输入响应已知uC(0–)=U0,i(0–)=0,求uC(t),i(t),uL(t),t0方程:0CLuuRitiLuddLtuCiddC0CCC2utuRCtuLCdddd以电容电压为变量:以电感电流为变量:02itiRCtiLCdddd5特征方程:012RCpLCp以电容电压为变量时的初始条件:uC(0+)=U0i(0+)=000Cttudd以电感电流为变量时的初始条件:i(0+)=0uC(0+)=U0)0()0(0CLUuuLUtit00dd电路方程:0CCC2utuRCtuLCdddd61)两个互异负实根CLR22)两个相等负实根CLR23)两个共轭复根CLR2根据上述情况,讨论方程的根及其对应的物理意义。特征根:LCLRLRp1)2(222,13.零输入响应的三种情况过阻尼临界阻尼欠阻尼7代入初值:uC(0+)=U0,,得到:0dd0Cttu02211021ApApUAA联立解得:12021ppUpA12012ppUpA1)两个互异负实根CLR2tptpeAeAu2121C)(2112120CtptpepepppUu8tuCiddC)(dd2121120LtptpepepppUtiLu非振荡放电过阻尼RLC+-iuC(t=0)+-uL)(2112120CtptpepepppUu)()(21120tptpeeLppU设|P2||P1|,画出电压电流波形U0tuCtpeppUp11202tpeppUp212010tmiC2tmuL0ttmRLCttmRLC92)两个共轭复根CLR2令LR2—衰减系数01LC—谐振角频率—固有振荡角频率220LCLRLRp1)2(222,1δωω0关系:sin0cos0jejjp0001sincosjejjp0002sincos10jejp01jejp02)(2112120tptpCepepppUu)(0)(002jjtjjeeeejU2)()(00jeeeUβt-jβtjt)sin(00teUt)sin(0teLUdtduCitC)sin(00teUdtdiLutLuLuLuC2-uctU002-2-uctU00uctU00uctU00i++衰减振荡放电欠阻尼现象11能量转换关系:0tt--tt-2-20U0uciCRLC+-RLC+-RLC+-12若R=0,则LR2220δωω0002t=0i–uC+CL+uL–)2sin(00tUuuLC)sin(00teUutC)sin(0teLUittucucucuci)sin(00tULCi等幅振荡无阻尼现象02,1jp13电路的振荡强迫振荡:外施激励引起()cossmsutUt激励的频率决定各响应的频率自由振荡:电路自身决定LC10二阶以上电路存在谐振:0s143)两个相等负实根CLR2LRpp221tCetAAu)(21代入初值,解得:0201UAUA,tCetUu)1(0tCteLUdtduCi0)1(0teUdtdiLutLLcuio0UtLumt波形与过阻尼情况类似非振荡放电临界阻尼现象临界电阻CLR215非振荡放电过阻尼,2CLRttCppeAeAu2121振荡放电欠阻尼,2CLR)sin(tAeutC非振荡放电临界阻尼,2CLRttCteAeAu21定常数)0()0(tuuCCdd由初始条件可推广应用于一般二阶电路小结16§7-6二阶电路的零状态响应和全响应uC(0-)=0,iL(0-)=0微分方程为:SCCC2ddddUutuRCtuLCCCCuuu通解特解特解:SCUu特征方程为:012RCpLCpRLC+-uCiLUS(t)+-例1.二阶电路的零状态响应17)(2121S21ppeAeAUuttCpp)(2121SPPteAeAUuttC)()sin(21SjPtAeUutC、uC解答形式为:确定二个常数),(由初值tuud)(0d0CCtuCUS0182.二阶电路的全响应已知:iL(0-)=2AuC(0-)=0求:iL,iR(1)列微分方程50ddddLL2L2RitiLtiRLC(2)求特解0dd50dd2L2LLtiLCiRtiLA1Li解RiR-50V50100F0.5H+iLiC例应用KCL:19(3)求通解0200002002pp特征根为:p=-100j100)100sin(1100tAeit(4)定常数)0(0sin100cos100)0(2sin1LLuAAiA245A)45100sin(21100Lteit特征方程为:50ddddL2L2RitiLtiRLC20(5)求iR)100sin(1100tAeitR或设解答形式为:定常数?)0(dd1)0(1)0(RCRtiiiRuiCR50200)0(1)0(dd1)0(ddCCRiRCtuRtiCLRiii2L2LddtiLCiRiR-50V50100F0.5H+iLiCRiR-50V50+iC2A21200sin100cos1001sin1AAA20A)100sin(1100tAeitR221.二阶电路含二个独立储能元件,是用二阶常微分方程所描述的电路。2.二阶电路的性质取决于特征根,特征根取决于电路结构和参数,与激励和初值无关。非振荡放电过阻尼,0ttppeAeAu2121C振荡放电欠阻尼,0非振荡放电临界阻尼,0ttteAeAu21C202p)sin(CtAeut小结233.求二阶电路全响应的步骤(a)列写t0+电路的微分方程(b)求通解(c)求特解(d)全响应=强制分量+自由分量定常数由初值)0()0()(dtdffe24作业:7-217-22下次课内容:§7-7一阶和二阶电路的阶跃响应§7-8一阶和二阶电路的冲激响应
本文标题:二阶电路的零输入响应零状态响应及全响应
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